Valine

Leaves from the Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao were used, and the picking standard is two leaves and one bud on the fruit-bearing shoot (Figure 1C). The leaves were collected in June 2022 in Baoding (115° 47’E; 38° 87’N) (Hebei Province, China). Liquid chromatography grade solvents methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher Chemical, 2-propanol from Merck, formal acid from CNW, and 2-Chloro-L-phenylAlanine (≥98%) from Adamas-beta. Alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, L-cysteine, leucine, L-hydroxyproline, L-tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenylAlanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, and 1,3-dichlorobenzene were all analytically pure and purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science&Technology Co., Ltd.

The valine, isoleucine, leucine, β-alanine, creatine, l-carnitine, and betaine were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China), while the quercetin was obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). The primary antibodies: rabbit anti-phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (p-AMPKα) (#2535S), rabbit anti-phospho-acetyl CoA carboxylase (p-ACC) (#11818S), mouse anti-glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) (#2213S), and rabbit anti-catalase (CAT) (#14097S) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA), while the rabbit anti-carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1B (CPT1B) (ab134988), rabbit anti-fatty acid translocase (CD36) (ab252922), and mouse anti-glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) (ab55435) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The rabbit anti-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) (BS6734) was acquired from Bioworld (Beijing, China), and the rabbit anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was purchased from ABclonal (Boston, MA, USA). The GLUT4 (GB11244) used during immunofluorescence was provided by Servicebio (Wuhan, China). The secondary antibodies, namely horseradish peroxidase-linked goat anti-rabbit IgG (Cat#485) and horseradish peroxidase-linked goat anti-mouse IgG (Cat#330), were obtained from MBL (Woburn, MA, USA).

1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ferric-tripyridyltriazine (Fe³⁺-TPTZ) is purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Chromatographic grade analytical standards asparaginic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, serine, glutamine, histidine, glycine, threonine, citrulline, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, cystine, valine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, hydroxyproline, proline, 5′-CMP, 5′-UMP, 5′-GMP, 5′-IMP, 5′-XMP, 5′-AMP, trehalose, mannitol, quininic acid, l-malic acid and fumaric acid purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). α-Amylase, α-glucosidase, 4-nitrophenyl α-d-glucopyranoside (PNPG), and soluble starch were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other reagents were analytical grade and obtained from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Factory (Chengdu, China).