Initially, 3% (w/v) glycol chitosan (Molecular Weight degree of polymerization > 400, 60% titration; Sigma Aldrich, USA) solution was prepared by dissolving 300 mg of glycol chitosan in 10 mL of distilled water. Then, the EGCG (LG Healthcare, Republic of Korea) monomers were dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide (purity ≥99.9%, anhydrous, Sigma Aldrich, USA) at 42 mM, 98 mM, and 154 mM. Three different concentrations of EGCG solutions were diluted in 3% (w/v) glycol chitosan solutions to 3 mM, 7 mM, and 11 mM, respectively. Then, the SA_Ty stock solution was added to 5 μM. Pre-gel solutions were cross-linked for 3 h. Cross-linking time was verified by tilting vials until the flow of solutions was not observed.
Glycol chitosan
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe
Glycol chitosan is a water-soluble derivative of the natural polysaccharide chitosan. It is a biocompatible and biodegradable material commonly used in various research and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
5β cholanic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Glycidyl methacrylate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
N 3 dimethylaminopropyl n ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nitroblue tetrazolium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
P nitrophenol phosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
5 bromo 4 chloro 3 indoxylphosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tween 20, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Alizarin red s, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
β glycerophosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide dmso, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 medium, by Welgene (2 mentions)
1 ethyl 3 3 dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride edc, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Welgene (2 mentions)
Chitosan oligosaccharide lactate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
1 ethyl 3 3 dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N hydroxysuccinimide nhs, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Calcofluor white m2r, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
40 protocols using glycol chitosan
1
Glycol Chitosan-EGCG Hydrogel Synthesis
2
Glycol Chitosan-Based Curcumin Delivery System
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Glycol chitosan (GC, ≥60% (by titration), crystalline, Mw ≅ 585,000 g/mol), glycidyl methacrylate (GM), and curcumin (CUR) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM) was obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Dialysis tubing (Spectrum Laboratories Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA) was used for purification. The mouse L-929 fibroblast cell line was supplied by Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea). All the chemicals were used as received without further purification.
3
SDS-PAGE Protein Activity Assay
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The protein samples were added to SDS–PAGE sample buffer and heated at 100°C for 15 min. The proteins were separated on a 10% polyacrylamide gel containing 0.01% glycol chitosan (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States). The gel was cut into two parts; the negative control was not immersed in a refolding buffer, and the other part of the gel was immersed in a refolding buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl pH 7.5, 1% Triton X-100) at 37°C overnight. The gel was washed with distilled water and then stained with 0.01% (w/v) calcofluor white M2R in 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.5). After 5 min, the brightener solution was removed, and the gel was washed with distilled water. Protein activity was visualized by placing the gels on a UV transilluminator (Trudel and Asselin, 1989 (link)). The two parts of the gel were photographed together.
4
Chitin-Based Antioxidant Assays
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Chitin (from shrimp shells, coarse flakes), glycol chitosan, GlcNAc and biotin were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chitosan CHIT100 and CHIT600 (both from shrimp shells) were from Acros Organics (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA). Chitosan QS2 (from Pandalus borealis) was from InFiQuS (Madrid, Spain). Colloidal Chitin, glycol Chitin and chitosan solutions were obtained as explained previously [20 (link)]. ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), N,N′, -di-acetyl-glucosamine ((GlcNAc)2), N,N′,Nʺ -tri-acetyl-glucosamine ((GlcNAc)3) and N,N′,Nʺ,N′ʺ -tetra-acetyl-glucosamine ((GlcNAc)4) were from Carbosynth Ltd. (Berkshire, UK). Yeast Nitrogen Base w/o amino acids (YNB) was from Difco (BD, Sparks, MD, USA). All reagents were of the highest purity grade.
5
Nisin A-Based Antimicrobial Hydrogel Synthesis
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Nisin A (95%, isolated from Lactococcus lactis in sauerkraut) was obtained from Handary, Belgium. Dextran (from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, 100–200 kDa), Dextran 60 (from L. mesenteroides, ~ 60 kDa), alginic acid (from brown algae, low viscosity (4–12 cps), M/G ratio 1.43 as determined by 13C SS-NMR below), sodium (meta) periodate (> 99%), ethylene glycol (99%), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt (S-NHS, > 98%), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, crystalline), adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH, > 98%), hydroxylamine hydrochloride, glycol chitosan (degree of deacetylation: > 60%), trifluroacetic acid (TFA, > 99%), acetonitrile (ACN, > 99.9%), phosphate-buffered saline (tablets, PBS), and sodium dodecyl sulphate were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Ireland. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, for molecular biology) was purchased from VWR International. Liquid nitrogen was supplied by BOC Gases (Ireland). Glycine (lab grade), 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (5% w/v, MeOH), potassium chloride (99%) and hydrochloric acid (37%, fuming) were purchased from Fisher Scientific, Ireland. Pullulan/Dextran standards for light scattering/tetra detection (TDS3030) were provided by Particular Sciences, Dublin, Ireland. Staphylococcus aureus (DSM 20231) was purchased from the Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures.
6
Glycol Chitosan-Based Bone Tissue Engineering
7
Glycol Chitosan-based Magnetic Nanoparticle Conjugates
8
Glycol Chitosan-Doxorubicin Conjugate Synthesis
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Glycol chitosan (MW = 250 kDa; degree of deacetylation > 60%), doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX-HCl), 5β-cholanic acid, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), triethylamine (TEA), anhydrous methanol and anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). A fluorescent molecule, Cy5.5-NHS ester, was purchased from Lumiprobe Corporation (Hunt Valley, MD, USA). All other chemicals were purchased as reagent grade and used without further purification or modification.
9
Apoptosis Assay with GC and RACC
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Glycol chitosan (GC), retinoic acid chlorochalcone (RACC), dialysis membranes (MWCO = 12,000 g/mol) and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Sigma Chem. Co. Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). FITC-annexin V was obtained from Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA.
10
Glycol Chitosan-Based Fluorescent Probes
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Glycol chitosan (GC; molecular weight, 2.5 × 105 Da; the degree of deacetylation, 82.7%), 5β-cholanic acid, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS; purity, >99%), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC; purity, >99%), methanol (purity, >99%), and anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; purity, >99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The mono-functional hydroxysuccinimide ester of cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5-NHS) and indocyanine green (ICG-NHS) were purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Chicago, IL, USA) and Bioacts (Incheon, Korea), respectively. For the cell experiments, the Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI-1640) medium, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), antibiotics (penicillin with streptomycin), and trypsin–EDTA were purchased from Welgene. Inc. (Daegu, Korea). All the other chemicals were purchased at reagent grade and used without further purification.
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