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Recombinant mouse rankl

Manufactured by R&D Systems
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Recombinant mouse RANKL is a cytokine that plays a key role in the regulation of bone metabolism. It is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family and is essential for the formation, function, and survival of osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption.

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39 protocols using recombinant mouse rankl

1

Flow Cytometry and Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling Pathways

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The following antibodies were used in flow cytometry: phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated anti-mouse CD44 (Biolegend, 103007), Sca-I (eBioscience, 12-5981-83), CD140a (Biolegend, 135906), CD13 (BD Pharmingen, 558745), MHC II (eBioscience, 12-5320-80), CD11b (eBioscience,12-0112-83), CD11c (eBioscience, 12-0114-82), CD86 (eBioscience, 12-0862-82), and CD45 (eBioscience, 12-0451-82). Antibodies used for western blotting analysis were: anti-p53 (FL-393; sc-6243, Santa Cruz Biotechnology); GAPDH (14C10, 2118, Cell Signaling Technology). Antibody used for Chip was: p53 (FL-393; sc-6243, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), IgG (normal mouse IgG, sc2025, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The reagents for cell treatment were: Nutlin-3 (Nutlin-3, Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA), Cisplatin (Sigma-Aldrich), RANKL (recombinant mouse RANKL, 50 ng/ml, R&D), M-CSF (recombinant mouse M-CSF, 25 ng/ml, R&D), and OPG (recombinant OPG, 50 ng/ml, Sigma-Aldrich). RANKL for mouse injection (recombinant mouse RANKL, 2 mg/kg/day) was from R&D Systems.
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2

RANK Signaling in B Cell Activation

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RANKK240E-expressing or wt B cells from littermates were stimulated with 100 ng/ml mouse recombinant RANKL (R&D Systems), 10 µg/ml neutralizing antibody (purified mouse α-RANKL; eBioscience), or 0.5 µM CpG (InvivoGen) for 1 to 48 h at 37°C. Following transduction, Bal17 cells were stimulated with 100 ng/ml mouse recombinant RANKL for 5 min to 48 h at 37°C. SP600125 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and Cal-101 and PD0325901 (PD901) from Selleckchem, and BAY70-1182 was purchased from Caymanchem. The inhibitors were dissolved in DMSO and used at the indicated concentrations. Murine and human CLL cells were cultivated in coculture with murine bone marrow–derived stromal cells (ST-2) at a ratio of 10:1 and were treated with 10 µg/ml neutralizing antibody (purified mouse α-RANKL; eBioscience) for 24 to 72 h. To test RANKL dependency of transplanted RANKK240E-expressing CLL cells, peripheral blood cells derived from transplanted mice were stimulated with mouse recombinant RANKL (R&D Systems) and subsequently treated with neutralizing antibody (purified mouse α-RANKL; eBioscience) as described above and analyzed after 24 h and up to 10 d for survival via DAPI staining and flow cytometric analysis.
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3

Osteoclastogenesis Assay in RAW264.7 Cells

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RAW264.7 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Alpha minimal essential Medium (α‐MEM) were obtained from Gibco (life technologies, CA). Penicillin‐streptomycin solution was obtained from Hyclone (Thermo Scientific, MA). Recombinant Mouse M‐CS F and Recombinant Mouse RANKL were obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Cell Counting Kit‐8 was obtained from Dojindo Molecular Technologies (Dojindo, Japan). TRAP stain kit was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Actin Cytoskeleton and Focal Adhesion Staining Kit was purchased from Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Antibodies against P38, p‐P38, ERK, p‐ERK, JNK, p‐JNK, and β‐actin were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA). ERK, JNK, and P38 MAP kinase inhibitors were purchased from Medchemexpress (Princeton, NJ). Bovine cortical bone slices for Pit formation assay were obtained from Boineslices.com (Jelling, Denmark). Antibodies against NFATC1 and c‐FOS were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge). Staphylococcal protein A was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich.
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4

Osteoclast Differentiation Protocol

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α‐Minimum essential medium (α‐MEM) and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Soluble recombinant mouse macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and recombinant mouse RANKL were obtained from R&D Systems, Inc. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich and Merck KGaA. High purity Ti particles (average diameter. 1‐5 µm) were obtained from Johnson Matthey (cat. no., 00681). The antibodies (GAPDH, NFkB, C‐FOS, NFATc1, p‐p38,) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits (IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐10, Arg‐1, iNOS) were purchased from R&D Systems, Inc Flow cytometry anti‐mouse CD16/32‐PE (cat. no.553145) and anti‐mouse CD206‐Alexa 647 (cat. no.565250) were purchased from BioLegend Inc The p38α/β MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) was purchased from Selleck.
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5

Osteoclastogenesis Signaling Pathway

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Recombinant mouse M-CSF and recombinant mouse RANKL were purchased from R&D Systems, USA. Primary antibodies to c-Jun, Akt, MAPK p38, ERK 1/2, phospho-ERK 1/2, IKK β, and phospho-IKK β were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (CST), Danvers, MA. Primary antibody to β-actin, anti-mouse, and anti-rabbit HRP conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Female Swiss albino mice (18–22 g) were procured and maintained at the animal house facility of ACTREC. All in vivo protocols and experiments were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, ACTREC. Animals were fed with standard laboratory diet and water ad libitum.
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6

Osteoclast Differentiation and Bone Resorption

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RAW264.7 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA). Recombinant mouse RANKL and recombinant mouse M-CSF were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The Osteo Assay Surface for Bone Resorption was purchased from Corning (NY, USA). The TRAP stain kit was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (NY, USA). The Actin Cytoskeleton and Focal Adhesion Staining Kit was purchased from Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Alpha minimal essential medium (α-MEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Life Technologies, USA). Penicillin-streptomycin solution was obtained from Hyclone (Thermo Scientific, USA). Membrane dye DiI and Cell Tracker Green were obtained from Life Technologies.
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7

VSMC Osteogenic Differentiation Assay

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VSMCs were plated at a density of 7000 cell/cm2 in 6 well plates and cultured in control medium (CM = DMEM/3%FBS) or in osteogenic medium (OM = DMEM/3% FBS and 2.6mM phosphate). The media was changed every 2 days. The cells were harvested after 2 and 4 days for RNA, and the calcium assay was performed after 7 days. Recombinant mouse RANKL (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) was used at 100 ng/ml and anti IL-6 antibody (eBioscience, San Diego, CA) or rat IgG1k control were added to the culture media at 0.1 μg/ml.
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8

Tectorigenin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis

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Tectorigenin (purity >98% by HPLC) was obtained from Tauto Biotech (Shanghai, China). Recombinant mouse RANKL and M‐CSF were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Alpha Modification of Eagle's Medium (α‐MEM), foetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (Rockville, MD, USA). Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technology (Japan). Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining kit, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). NF‐κB p65 (CST 8242), phosphor‐NF‐κB p65 (CST 3033), IκBα (CST 4812), and phosphor‐IκBα (CST 2859) antibodies were purchased from Cell Signalling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). β‐actin (SC‐47778) antibodies was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
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9

Osteoclastogenesis Inhibition by DHA

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Recombinant Mouse RANKL and Recombinant Mouse M-CSF were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Antibodies against AIF, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 and β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Osteo Assay Surface for Bone Resorption was purchased from Corning (Corning, NY, USA). Bovine cortical bone slices were obtained from Boineslices.com (Jelling, Denmark). Cell Counting Kit-8 was obtained from Dojindo Molecular Technologies (Dojindo, Japan). The TRAP stain kit was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Actin Cytoskeleton and Focal Adhesion Staining Kit was purchased from Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). The DCFDA cellular ROS detection assay kit was obtained from ABcam (Cambridge, UK). Alpha minimal essential Medium (α-MEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Penicillin–streptomycin solution was obtained from Hyclone (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). DHA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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10

Mouse Macrophage Activation Assay

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All chemical reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). The peptides were purchased from China Peptides Co. Ltd. (purity: 95%). All the primary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc., (USA) and the secondary antibody was bought from Beyotime Biotechnology (China). The blocking buffer and primary antibody dilution buffer for western blot were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology. All cell culture reagents were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (GibcoTM, USA). The mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cell was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Recombinant Mouse RANKL was purchased from R&D systems, Inc. (USA).
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