In accordance with ARRIVE guidelines, the French Institution animal ethics committee approval was obtained for the protocols used on animals. Orthotopic human glioblastoma xenografts were established in 4-6 weeks-old female nude mice (Janvier) with 2.5 × 105 cells as previously described [23 (link)]. Each GSC line was xenografted at least in three mice. Mice were sacrificed at the appearance of neurological signs. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed on the excised brains on paraffin-embedded sections (5 μm) [23 (link)].
Female nude mice
Manufactured by Janvier Labs
Female nude mice are laboratory animals that lack a normal coat of fur. They are genetically engineered to be immunodeficient, which makes them useful for research purposes.
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2 protocols using female nude mice
1
Orthotopic Glioblastoma Xenograft in Nude Mice
2
Orthotopic HNSCC Tumor Implantation in Nude Mice
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The animals used in the study were female nude mice aged 5-6 weeks, from Janvier Labs (Le Genest, Saint-Isle, France). The experimental protocol was approved by the French Education and Research Ministry (experimentation authorization no. 00392.02).
The orthotopic HNSCC model was previously described and validated [4, 5] . Briefly, a 0.5-1 mm tumor fragment from tumor developing secondarily to subcutaneous CAL33 cell implantation in adult mice was implanted in the inner aspect of the animal's cheek (n = 14). Once developed, the tumor was completely resected through an external incision of the cheek, under near-infrared florescence imaging after intravenous injection of AngioStamp TM 800. Mice were followed up for 6 months post-explantation to detect late tumor recurrence and lymph-node metastasis through bioluminescence imaging which is described below, then sacrificed at end of follow-up or onset of tumor recurrence or clinical or subclinical lymph-node metastasis; weight-loss exceeding 15% and general health deterioration also led to sacrifice.
The orthotopic HNSCC model was previously described and validated [4, 5] . Briefly, a 0.5-1 mm tumor fragment from tumor developing secondarily to subcutaneous CAL33 cell implantation in adult mice was implanted in the inner aspect of the animal's cheek (n = 14). Once developed, the tumor was completely resected through an external incision of the cheek, under near-infrared florescence imaging after intravenous injection of AngioStamp TM 800. Mice were followed up for 6 months post-explantation to detect late tumor recurrence and lymph-node metastasis through bioluminescence imaging which is described below, then sacrificed at end of follow-up or onset of tumor recurrence or clinical or subclinical lymph-node metastasis; weight-loss exceeding 15% and general health deterioration also led to sacrifice.
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