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5 protocols using anti rbpms

1

Antibodies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Labeling

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Rabbit polyclonal antibody against the green fluorescent protein (GFP) conjugated with AlexaFluor 488 was purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA; Catalog No. A21311). This antibody was raised against GFP isolated directly from Aequorea victoria and has been previously characterized by immunocytochemistry in granule cells [46 (link)], olfactory sensory neurons [47 (link)], and hippocampal neurons that express GFP [48 (link)]. An anti-RBPMS (RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing) antibody was purchased from PhosphoSolutions (Aurora, CO, USA; Catalog #: 1832-RBPMS). This polyclonal antibody was raised in guinea pigs against a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid residues from the N-terminal region of the rat RBPMS sequence conjugated to KLH. This antibody has been characterized by Western blotting and verified with immunocytochemistry on mammalian retinas and demonstrated to be a specific pan-RGC marker which labels all RGCs but not any other cells in the retina [49 (link),50 (link),51 (link)]. The secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson Immune Research Laboratories (West Grove, PA, USA).
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2

Retinal Mitochondrial Imaging in Mice

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Mice were perfused transcardially with PBS followed by 4% PFA in PBS. For whole-mount retinal staining, mice were injected intravitreally with 1 µL MitoTracker Deep Red (500 nM) 20 minutes before the perfusion. Eyeballs were enucleated and fixed in 4% PFA for 15 minutes. The retina was dissected out, put in 30% sucrose overnight at 4°C, and used for staining. The following antibodies were used: anti-HA (1:500; Abcam, Cambridge, MA), anti-RBPMS (1:200; PhosphoSolutions, Aurora, CO), anti-active CASPASE3 (1:200; Abcam), anti-rabbit IgG 546 (1:600; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), anti-mouse IgG 488 (1:600; Invitrogen), and anti–guinea pig 647 (1:600; Invitrogen). Imagines were taken with a Leica TCS SP5 confocal microscope.
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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Retinal Tissue

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Eyes were harvested and fixed for 1 h in 4% PFA. Following cryopreservation in 10%, 20%, and 30% sucrose at 4°C for 30 min, 2 h and overnight, respectively, eyes were embedded in Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Electron Microscopy Sciences) and sectioned at 10 μm using a cryostat. The following primary antibodies were incubated with tissue sections overnight at 4°C: anti-Iba1 (1:200, Abcam), anti-CD68 (1:250, Bio-Rad), anti-GFAP (1:500, Abcam), anti-DLK (1:100, Genetex), anti-Atf3 (1:200, Novus Biologicals), anti-GFP (1:500, Abcam), anti-Il22Ra1 (1:200, Bioss), anti-Rbpms (1:100; PhosphoSolutions), anti-βIII-tubulin antibody (1:500, Promega). Following primary antibody application and washing, tissue was subsequently incubated in AF594, AF546, AF647, or AF488 secondary antibodies (1:400; Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher) for 1 h. DAPI (1:1000; Invitrogen) was used to label nuclei. Images were captured using an Axio Imager M2 (Zeiss), a LSM 880 confocal (Zeiss), or a TCS SP8 confocal (Leica). To visualize AAV infection in wholemount retinas, tissue was stained with an anti-GFP (1:500, Abcam) antibody for 3 d at 4°C. Retinas were subsequently washed in PBS, incubated with an AF488 secondary antibody (1:400; Invitrogen) for 2 h at room temperature, and washed in PBS.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Retinal Ganglion Cells

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Immunohistochemistry was performed on 10 μm-thick ocular cross-sections. The retinal sections mounted onto slides were probed with the RGC marker antibody anti-RBPMS (PhosphoSolutions, 1:250, #1832, RRID:AB_2492226) and with anti-Wnt5a (Santa Cruz, #SC-365370, RRID:AB_10846090) overnight at 4°C. The slides were washed three times in 1× PBS and then incubated with Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibody (1:500; Invitrogen) for 1 h. After washing the slides again three times with PBS, sections were then covered with DAPI containing mounting medium (Vectashield) and imaged using a fluorescent microscope (Zeiss). Negative controls that lacked the primary antibody incubation were imaged at the same intensity settings to confirm lack of nonspecific staining by the secondary antibody. For RGC counts, RBPMS-positive/DAPI-positive cells were counted in the entire retina section in six sections per each animal and three animals per treatment group. Additionally, IHC was performed with antibodies specific to phospho (Thr286) CamKII (Cell Signaling Technology, catalog #12716, 1:200, RRID:AB_2713889), phospho (Thr183/Tyr185)-JNK (Abclonal, 1:200) or phospho (Ser129, Ser133) CREB (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 1:200, #44-297G, RRID:AB_2533625) following similar procedures.
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Retinal Tissue

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Eyes were harvested and fixed for 1 h in 4% PFA. Following cryopreservation in 10%, 20%, and 30% sucrose at 4°C for 30 min, 2 h and overnight, respectively, eyes were embedded in Tissue-Tek OCT compound (Electron Microscopy Sciences) and sectioned at 10 μm using a cryostat. The following primary antibodies were incubated with tissue sections overnight at 4°C: anti-Iba1 (1:200, Abcam), anti-CD68 (1:250, Bio-Rad), anti-GFAP (1:500, Abcam), anti-DLK (1:100, Genetex), anti-Atf3 (1:200, Novus Biologicals), anti-GFP (1:500, Abcam), anti-Il22Ra1 (1:200, Bioss), anti-Rbpms (1:100; PhosphoSolutions), anti-βIII-tubulin antibody (1:500, Promega). Following primary antibody application and washing, tissue was subsequently incubated in AF594, AF546, AF647, or AF488 secondary antibodies (1:400; Invitrogen, Thermo Fisher) for 1 h. DAPI (1:1000; Invitrogen) was used to label nuclei. Images were captured using an Axio Imager M2 (Zeiss), a LSM 880 confocal (Zeiss), or a TCS SP8 confocal (Leica). To visualize AAV infection in wholemount retinas, tissue was stained with an anti-GFP (1:500, Abcam) antibody for 3 d at 4°C. Retinas were subsequently washed in PBS, incubated with an AF488 secondary antibody (1:400; Invitrogen) for 2 h at room temperature, and washed in PBS.
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