Bf306

In this prospective study male and female volunteers who participated in the Vienna City Marathon running the full M (42.195 km) or the HM distance (21.0975 km) were included. Subjects were studied three times, before the event at the time of registration (an event called the Vienna Sports World, further referred to as baseline), immediately after the event (peak) at the finish area, and two to seven days after the competition (recovery). At baseline, the study participants were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire to gather information on physical characteristics such as exercise during the last year and personal information such as smoking, drinking or eating habits. Body composition was assessed by Omron BF306 (Omron Healthcare Europe B.V., Netherlands) and a body fat calibre (Accu-Measure Fitness 3000 Body Fat caliper, AccuFitness, LLC PO Box 4411 Greenwood Village, CO 80155-4411). The study was conducted at the research laboratory of the department of thoracic surgery in collaboration with trauma and thoracic surgeons, sports and laboratory physicians, Red Cross paramedics and medical students at the Vienna City Marathon, held on April 15^th, 2012.

Measurements of weight (kg) and height (cm) were performed with Filizola-Model 31 scale; percentage of fat mass (%FM) by Bio-eletrical Impedance (Omron BF306, Omron Healthcare Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan); and BMI (kg/m²). Polar© (V800, Polar Electro Oy, Finland) was used to the characterization of heart rate (HR) and Microlife© (Microlife Corp., Taipei, Taiwan) was used to gauge systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was calculated by the formula DBP + (SBP − DBP)/3 [23 ]. The volunteers were evaluated in two positions: supine position (basal) and orthostatic position (both of which were used for the autonomic cardiac function test). In each situation, the values measured after the first minute were considered.

To test the correlation between the classification error and anatomic features of the users, for each subject we estimated the amount of fatty tissue in the body by the fat monitor OMRON BF306. Personal anthropometric characteristics, i.e., weight, height, age, and sex were introduced into the analyzer. The device measures the impedance from hand to hand and calculates the body fat (BF) in percentage based on the collected data. In our study, the subjects had the BF index in the range (4, 44)%.

Before the performance tests, body mass, height (Seca Instruments, Ltd., Hamburg, Germany), and body fat via bioelectrical impedance (Omron BF306) were measured. Players’ characteristics are displayed in Table 1. A warm-up protocol was performed prior to each test, which consisted of a 5 min submaximal run, followed by 3 sprints with progressive increase in velocity, 2 sets of 5 repetitions of vertical jumps (30 s rest between sets), and dynamic stretching (high knees, butt kicks, closed and open knees, hamstring kicks, leg swing towards the opposite side and walking hip, glute, quadriceps, and hamstring stretch). During the tests, all subjects were verbally encouraged to give maximal effort.

These were measured at visit 1 with a body fat monitor (BF306, Omron Healthcare, USA).

Body weight (BW) was recorded on a digital scale (Seca, Switzerland) while the participants wore loose fitting gym clothing. Height was measured with a portable stadiometer to the nearest 0.1 cm (Seca, Switzerland). The body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing body weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. Body fat percentage was recorded using a handheld bioelectrical impedance monitor (model BF306, Omron healthcare LTD, Japan).

Body weight was determined on two occasions using a homologated electronic scale (Seca770; Medical scale and measurement systems, Birmingham, United Kingdom) following due calibration (precision ±0.1 kg), with the patient wearing light clothing and shoeless. These readings were rounded to 100 g. Height in turn was measured with a portable system (Seca 222; Medical scale and measurement systems, Birmingham, United Kingdom), recording the average of two readings, and with the patient shoeless in the standing position. The values were rounded to the closest centimeter. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²). Waist circumference was measured using a flexible graduated measuring tape with the patient in the standing position without clothing. The upper border of the iliac crests was located, and the tape was wrapped around above this point, parallel to the floor, ensuring that it was adjusted without compressing the skin. Body fat percentage was measured using a body fat monitor previously validated (OMRON, model BF306; Omron Health Care, Kyoto, Japan) [14] (link).