Sodium sulfate

The following
chemicals compounds all with purity of 96% or more were substrates
used for microsynthesis and preparing samples for analysis: methanol,
acetonitrile (Chem-Solve, Łódź, Poland); ethanol,
dichloromethane (POCH, Gliwice, Poland); 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol,
1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol,
1-dodecanol, cyclobutanol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexsanol, cycloheptanol,
2-propanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol,
2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, 2-hexanol,
3-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol,
N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), alkane solution
(C₇–C₃₀) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO,
USA); 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol, ethylphosphonic dichloride: (Acros
Organics, USA); pinacolyl alcohol: (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA),
cyclooctanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); sodium sulfate: (CHEMPUR,
Piekary Śląskie, Poland); deionized water with a conductivity
of 0,05 μS obtained from a Polwater DL-2-50 deionizer.

4-Nitroquinoline N-oxide (NQNO), DMSO, l-histidine monochloride, yeast extract, levallorphan, NADP⁺, glucose-6-phosphate sodium salt, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, potassium hydroxide, DPPH, gallic acid, and ascorbic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seelze, Germany); Nutrient Broth No. 2, from Argenta (Poznań, Poland); glycerol and neomycin sulfate, from Pharma Cosmetic (Kraków, Poland); sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, d-glucose, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland); dichloromethane from Stanlab (Lublin, Poland); and agar-agar, bacto-peptone, beef extract, potato dextrose agar, and 0.2-mm silica-coated aluminum TLC plates from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Medium molecular weight chitosan (Sigma-Aldrich), alkali lignin, low sulfonate content (Sigma-Aldrich), citric acid monohydrate (≥99.0%, STANLAB), titanium(iv) isopropoxide (97+%, Sigma-Aldrich), 2-propanol (99.7%, Alfa Aesar), nitric acid (65%, Alfa Aesar), acetonitrile (99.9%, POCH), methanol (99.9%, POCH), benzyl alcohol (99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich), 1,4-benzoquinone (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), dimethylsulfoxide (>99.5%, ROTH), sodium acetate (99.0% Chempur), sodium sulfate (>99%, ROTH), orthophosphoric acid (85%, POCH), potassium trioxalatoferrate(iii) trihydrate (98%, abcr), Nafion (∼5% in a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols and water, Sigma-Aldrich), 1,10-phenanthroline (99.5%, Chempur) and active carbon Norit® SX 2 (POCH) were used without further purification. Water used was purified to 18 MΩ cm resistivity by Milli-Q water purification system.