1 nonanol

TA was purchased from Wuhan Lullaby Pharmaceutical Chemical Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). The chemicals 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, and 1-nonanol were bought from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and cell-culture Petri dishes were obtained from Corning (New York, NY, USA). Penicillin–streptomycin was obtained from Gibco (Waltham, MA, USA). Trypsin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China). A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and a Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Assay Kit were purchased from Shanghai Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All of the other reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were provided by ATCC (Rockefeller, MD, USA). Fluorescent Cy7 was obtainedd from Beijing Solarbio Life Sciences Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Kunming (KM) mice and New Zealand rabbits were provided by the Animal Center of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. All animal experiments and procedures were reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee at the Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (Ethical Committee approval number: SYPU-IACUC-C2019-12-14-105; date of approval: 14 December 2019).