Titanium 4 tert butoxide

1,4-Butanediol (BD, 99%), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO, average M_n ~1000), deuterated chloroform (CDCl₃-d, 99 atom% D), titanium(IV) tert-butoxide (Ti(OBu)₄, 97%), poly(methyl methacrylate) standards with molecular weights between 4250 and 273,000 sodium phosphate dibasic (≥99%), sodium phosphate monobasic (≥99%) and Porcine pancreas lipase (Type II, 100-500 units/mg protein) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co. 2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA, >98%) was purchased from TCI Europe NV. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (37%) was purchased from Panreac; and methanol and chloroform (pro-analysis and HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. All chemicals were used as received, without further purification.

Aniline [C₆H₅NH₂; 99.5% extra pure], n-hexane [C₆H₁₄; 95% anhydrous, analytical grade], and 1-propanol [C₃H₈O; 99%] are obtained from Riedel-de Haen. Ethanol [C₂H₅OH; 99.8% anhydrous] is supplied by Merck, and titanium tetrachloride [TiCl₄; purity ≥ 98%] is purchased from Fluka. While titanium(iv) tert-butoxide [Ti(O-t-Bu)₄; purity 97% reagent grade], and potassium dichromate [K₂Cr₂O₇; 99.5%] are obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Premium gasoline is obtained from local fuel station and is used to prepare gasohol blends with 1–10 vol% ethanol. Initially, ethanol standards are prepared in n-hexane by mixing 1–10 vol% of anhydrous ethanol to measure primary device characteristics. For selectivity measurements, the standard solutions of 1-propanol are also prepared in n-hexane. Subsequently, the gasohol blends [E1–E10] with 1–10 vol% anhydrous ethanol are prepared according to the ASTM standard D7717-11 for preparing volumetric blends of denatured fuel ethanol and gasoline blend stocks for laboratory analysis.^{41 (link)}