In situ reactor dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and pH were measured using LDO101 and PHC101 probes connected to a portable HQ30d meter (HACH, London, ON, Canada). Total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total suspended solids (TSS), and volatile suspended solids (VSS) were analyzed per APHA Section 5210B and Section 2540, as appropriate [19 ]. Samples were filtered using 0.45-micron glass Whatman filter papers.
HACH method 8000 was used for chemical oxygen demand (COD). A Shimadzu TOC-500A (Shimadzu, Columbia, MD, United States) analyzer was used for total organic carbon (TOC). A Skalar SAN Plus 3000/5000 Segmented Flow Analyzer (Skalar Analytical B.V., Breda, Netherlands) was used for total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) (method 155–324 w/r), total phosphorus (TP), and ortho-phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) (method 503–324 w/r).
HACH method 8000 was used for chemical oxygen demand (COD). A Shimadzu TOC-500A (Shimadzu, Columbia, MD, United States) analyzer was used for total organic carbon (TOC). A Skalar SAN Plus 3000/5000 Segmented Flow Analyzer (Skalar Analytical B.V., Breda, Netherlands) was used for total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) (method 155–324 w/r), total phosphorus (TP), and ortho-phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) (method 503–324 w/r).