and dissolved oxygen were measured using the Orion Star A325 pH/Conductivity
Portable Multiparameter Meter (Thermo Scientific, catalog no. STARA3250).
Total chlorine was measured using HACH Method 8167 (HACH, catalog
no. 2105669). Ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite were measured using the
Nitrogen-Ammonia Reagent Set (method 10023, HACH, catalog no. 2604545),
NitraVer X Nitrogen-Nitrate Reagent Set (method 10020, HACH, catalog
no. 2605345), and NitriVer 3 TNT Reagent Set (method 10019, catalog
no. 2608345), respectively. All HACH measurements were performed on
the DR1900 Portable Spectrophotometer (HACH, catalog no. DR190001H).
For metal analysis, samples were acidified with 2% nitric acid and
digested for a minimum of 16 h before being analyzed via inductively
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) according to method 3125
B.28 Blanks and spikes of known concentrations
were measured every 10 samples for quality control. Samples for dissolved
organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were acidified
to pH <2 using HCl before being analyzed using a Shimadzu TOC-VCPH total organic carbon analyzer with a total nitrogen module
attached.29 (link) Certified DOC and TDN quality
references from ULTRA Scientific (Agilent, catalog nos. QCI-731 and
QCI-745) were measured to confirm precision and accuracy.