Nvivo version 12 pro

We used the constructivist grounded theory approach³¹ to develop an analytical framework that reflects how masculinity relates to IPV perpetration in the study setting. We managed transcript analysis using NVivo version 12 Pro (QSR International). In the initial stage of data analysis, 3 coders read transcripts to discover concepts related to masculinity. Thematic analysis was used to develop a coding schema.³² (link) To ensure a high correlation between multiple coders, about 10% of data was double-coded. In the second stage of data analysis, axial codes were identified to reflect the relationship among similar concepts identified in the open coding process. We identified 3 axial codes: individual perceptions on masculinity, social norms on masculinity, and context of IPV perpetration. Following identification of axial codes, we selected 2 key conceptual categories on masculinity (i.e., reputation versus respectability) informed by previous qualitative research, constructed out of the data, and based on researchers’ interpretation.³¹

Thematic analysis was used as a method to identify, analyse, and report patterns or themes observed within data [29 (link)], was used in this study. Audio materials from the interviews and FGDs were transcribed, and the ones in local languages were translated verbatim into English by the research assistants. NVivo version 12 pro (QSR International) software was used to manage and organise the data. Through an iterative process, one master code list was developed by the researchers. The process involved constantly reviewing the codes and the transcripts throughout the analysis to establish connections within the themes. Through this process, emerging themes were reviewed and, where needed, merged with other similar themes until the main themes and sub-themes were developed, which formed the master code list. Participant verbatim quotes were also used to ensure the credibility of the findings.

Quantitative data analysis (inferential and descriptive statistics) was carried out with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). For multiple response questions, only descriptive statistics were used (inferential statistics are not normally used with such questions). For testing differences between two categorical variables, chi square was used. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Qualitative data analyses of open-ended responses were carried out in NVIVO version 12 PRO (QSR International Pty Ltd.). The whole survey dataset was imported into NVIVO so that the coding of open-ended responses could be broken down by survey questions. All open-ended questions responses were analysed thematically.