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Antimicrobial Evaluation of LEGO-LPPOs against S. aureus

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The antimicrobial
activity of selected LEGO-LPPOs was determined in 24 strains of S. aureus obtained from the culture collection of
Department of Microbiology (Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký
University Olomouc) (for the list of S. aureus strains, see Table 5). All tested microorganisms were stored in cryotubes (ITEST plus,
Czech Republic) at −80 °C. First, the MICs of selected
antibiotics were tested as described above. These antibiotics were
penicillin (Biotika, Slovakia), oxacillin (Bristol-Myers Squibb, United
States), ampicillin/sulbactam (Pfizer, United States), chloramphenicol
(Sigma-Aldrich, United States), tetracycline (Sigma-Aldrich, United
States), erythromycin (Serva, Deutschland), clindamycin (Pfizer, United
States), ciprofloxacin (Sigma-Aldrich, United States), gentamicin
(Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Slovenia), teicoplanin (Sanofi, France),
and vancomycin (Mylan, United States). Consequently, the antimicrobial
activity of four LEGO-LPPOs (29, 60, 25, and 38) was tested in 24 S.
aureus
wild-type strains by the means of MIC determination
(as described above).
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2

Cultivation and Antibiotic Selection of E. coli and Staphylococci

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Lysogeny broth (LB) or agar were used for cultivation of Escherichia coli and staphylococci were cultivated in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or agar (TSA) (Difco, Detroit, Detroit, MI, USA), brain heart infusion (BHI) broth or agar (Merck, Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany) and Mueller Hinton (MH) broth or agar (Mast, Merseyside, Bootle, UK). Antibiotics were added to MH agar in appropriate amounts (ampicillin, 100 µg/mL, Sigma; erythromycin, 10 µg/mL Serva; and chloramphenicol, 10 µg/mL, Serva, Heidelberg, Germany) for selection of resistance in E. coli or S. lugdunensis. All bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are presented in Table 1.
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3

Antibiotic selection and MIC determination for lactococci

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All strains and derivatives used in this study are listed in Table 1. Lactococcal strains were grown in M17 medium (Merck GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) supplemented with D-glucose (HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India) (0.5 % w/v) (GM17) at 30 • C. Escherichia coli DH5α was grown aerobically in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth (HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India) at 37 • C. Solid medium was made by adding 1.75 % (w/ v) agar (Torlak, Belgrade, Serbia), to the liquid media. Antibiotics were used at the following concentrations: Erythromycin (SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) was used at 300 μg/mL for E. coli and 10 μg/mL for lactococci for selection and maintaining of transformants. Spectinomycin (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was used at 250 and 500 μg/mL for maintaining of invertants and 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 and 500 μg/mL for determination of MIC values for Spectinomycin of transformants in lactococci. For blue/white colour screening, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galacto-pyranoside (X-Gal) (Fermentas, Vilnius, Lithuania) was added to LB medium plates of colonies with cloned fragments at a final concentration of 40 μg/mL.
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