JIS special grade dimethyl sulfoxide (negative-control solvent), 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitrol-2-furyl)-acrylamide (AF-2; 99.6 % purity), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P; 99.7 % purity) were used as positive-control reagents. These three reagents, as well as magnesium sulfate (>98 % purity), were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka Ltd. (Japan). Nutrient Broth No. 2 Culture Medium was purchased from OXOID Ltd. Hampshire (UK). Minimum-glucose medium was obtained from Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd. Tokyo (Japan). The protein contents were adjusted by changing the amount of the S9 fraction, prepared from 5,6-benzoflavone and phenobarbital-induced Sprague–Dawley rats, and water (total volume: 5 mL), and the mixtures were added to 10-mL vials of Cofactor-I (MgCl2: 16.3 mg; KCl: 24.6 mg; glucose-6-phosphate: 17.1 mg; NADPH: 34.3 mg; NADH: 30.3 mg; Na2HPO4: 119.6 mg; NaH2PO4/2H2O: 24.7 mg) (also see the Optimization of the S9 Mix protein content section).
Magnesium sulfate
Manufactured by Fujifilm
Sourced in Japan
Magnesium sulfate is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory equipment. It serves as a desiccant, absorbing moisture from the surrounding environment. Magnesium sulfate is a white, crystalline substance that is soluble in water.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Dichloromethane, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Sodium hydrogen carbonate, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Tetrahydrofuran, by Fujifilm (2 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fe edta, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Calcium chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nicotinic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dextrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferrous sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Silymarin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium hexacyanoferrate 2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium hexacyanoferrate 3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 morpholineethanesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using magnesium sulfate
1
Chemical Reagents Characterization and Protocol
2
Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cell Line Characterization
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The human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line was obtained from the Egyptian Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA, Giza, Egypt). Ammonium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, boric acid, cobalt chloride, cupric sulfate, manganese sulfate, potassium iodine, sodium molybdate, zinc sulfate, citric acid and sodium citrate were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries® (Tokyo, Japan). Calcium chloride, dextrose, potassium hexacyanoferrate II, potassium hexacyanoferrate III and sodium carbonate were obtained from Merck® (Darmstadt, Germany), while potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate, Na2-EDTA2H2O, nicotinic acid, pyridoxineHCl, thiamineHCl, Fe-EDTA, 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid, τ-inositol, sucrose, phytoagar, sodium phosphate, silymarin, triton X-100, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoly-β-d -glucuronide and α-Rhamnase were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 17β-estradiol was purchased from Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Solvents used were of analytical grade unless mentioned and were purchased from Merck, J.T. Backer® (Deventer, The Netherlands) and Theo Seulberger® (Karlsruhe, Germany). Media and supplements for cell cultures were obtained from Gibco®/Invitrogen (Karlsruhe, Germany) and Greiner Labortechnik® (Frickenhausen, Germany).
3
Characterization of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Interactions
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11-Bromoundecane-1-thiol was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium sulfate, gelatin, ethyl acetate (EA), n-hexance, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dichloromethane (DCM) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). N-Hydroxyphthalimide, 6′-sialyllactose sodium salt and 3′-sialyllactose sodium salt were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All chemicals and reagents were used as received. Influenza A H1N1 (A/California/04/2009) hemagglutinin and influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1194/2004) hemagglutinin were purchased from Sino Biological Inc. (Beijing, China). Though influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 was isolated from human, the specific interaction between HA and avian SA have been confirmed at previous report (Xiong et al., 2013 (link)). Human influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) was cultivated in chicken embryos and then detoxified using 0.05% formalin solution. The size distribution of H1N1 influenza A virus particles in solution was measured using a qNano nanoparticle analyzer from Izon Science Ltd., Christchurch, New Zealand. Zeta potential measurement was performed using a Zetasizer Nano ZS from Malvern Instruments Ltd., (Worcestershire, UK).
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorinated Sulfonyl Compounds
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Perfluoropropyl-1,3-bissulfonylfluoride (C3F)
was purchased from Daikin Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and used
as received. Lithium bromide was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and
used as received. 4-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, sodium hydroxide,
potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, diethyl
ether (Et2O), ethanol (EtOH), chloroform (CH3CI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO-d6, acetonitrile-d3 (MeCN-d3), anhydrous acetonitrile (MeCN), anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP), p-cresol, 1,4-dioxane, hexane, and tetrahydrofuran
(THF) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka,
Japan) and used as received. N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) was also purchased from Wako Pure
Chemical Industries, Ltd., distilled with CaH2, and stored
under a nitrogen atmosphere. Anhydrous toluene was purchased from
Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan) and used as received. 4,4′-Bisphenol,
4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and 1 M lithium hexamethyldisilazide
(LiHMDS) solution in THF were purchased from Tokyo Kasei Co. (Tokyo,
Japan). 4,4′-Bisphenol and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
were recrystallized from 1,4-dioxane/hexane (5:2, v/v) and THF/hexane
(1:1, v/v), respectively, before use.
was purchased from Daikin Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and used
as received. Lithium bromide was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and
used as received. 4-Fluorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, sodium hydroxide,
potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, diethyl
ether (Et2O), ethanol (EtOH), chloroform (CH3CI), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DMSO-d6, acetonitrile-d3 (MeCN-d3), anhydrous acetonitrile (MeCN), anhydrous N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP), p-cresol, 1,4-dioxane, hexane, and tetrahydrofuran
(THF) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka,
Japan) and used as received. N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) was also purchased from Wako Pure
Chemical Industries, Ltd., distilled with CaH2, and stored
under a nitrogen atmosphere. Anhydrous toluene was purchased from
Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan) and used as received. 4,4′-Bisphenol,
4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone and 1 M lithium hexamethyldisilazide
(LiHMDS) solution in THF were purchased from Tokyo Kasei Co. (Tokyo,
Japan). 4,4′-Bisphenol and 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone
were recrystallized from 1,4-dioxane/hexane (5:2, v/v) and THF/hexane
(1:1, v/v), respectively, before use.
5
Synthesis of Alkyl Halide Compounds
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DMF was freshly distilled before use. All chemicals from commercial sources were used as received unless otherwise stated. Phenol, 3′-aminoacetanilide, and 1-bromobutane were purchased from TCI, 1-bromo-2,2-dimethylpropane, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrite, potassium iodide, iodoethane, and iodomethane were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, 37% hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, and potassium carbonate were purchased from KISHIDA Chemical Co., Ltd.
6
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescent Probes
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4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride n-hydrate (DMT-MM), pinacol, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, β-CyD, γ-CyD, tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol, lithium aluminum hydride, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium azide, dimethylformamide (DMF), ammonia solution, sodium hydrogen carbonate, benzene, fructose, glucose, and galactose were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
(Osaka, Japan). 4-Carboxyphenylboronic acid, triethylamine, methanesulfonyl chloride, triphenylphosphine, and oxalyl chloride were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 1,4-Dioxane, chloroform, acetonitrile, sulfuric acid, and acetone were purchased from Kanto Chemical, Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). methanol-d4, chloroform-d, DMSO-d6, 1-pyreneacetic acid, and 1-pyrenebutyric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Co., LLC (Tokyo, Japan). 1-Pyrenebutylamine was purchased from Toronto Chemical Research Inc. (Toronto, USA). All other organic solvents and reagents were commercially available with guaranteed grades and used without further purification. Water was doubly distilled and deionized by a Milli-Q water system (WG222, Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan and Milli-Q Advantage, Merck Millipore, MA, USA) before use.
(Osaka, Japan). 4-Carboxyphenylboronic acid, triethylamine, methanesulfonyl chloride, triphenylphosphine, and oxalyl chloride were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry, Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). 1,4-Dioxane, chloroform, acetonitrile, sulfuric acid, and acetone were purchased from Kanto Chemical, Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). methanol-d4, chloroform-d, DMSO-d6, 1-pyreneacetic acid, and 1-pyrenebutyric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Co., LLC (Tokyo, Japan). 1-Pyrenebutylamine was purchased from Toronto Chemical Research Inc. (Toronto, USA). All other organic solvents and reagents were commercially available with guaranteed grades and used without further purification. Water was doubly distilled and deionized by a Milli-Q water system (WG222, Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan and Milli-Q Advantage, Merck Millipore, MA, USA) before use.
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