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4 protocols using ab175773

1

Protein Extraction and Western Blotting

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For protein extract preparation, cells were lysed on ice with RIPA Lysis Buffer (ThermoFisher) containing complete protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Soluble protein extracts were separated by centrifugation at 13000 rpm for 15 min and diluted in Laemlli sample buffer. The obtained cell lysates were resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred on polyvinylidene difluoride membrane Hybond TM-P (Amersham Bioscience). Membranes were saturated with 5% bovine serum albumin at room temperature for 2 h and incubated with the following primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight. Primary antibodies were used as follows: ELF3 (1:1000, AF5787; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), EHF (1:1000, 27195-1-AP; Proteintech, Illinois, USA), TGIF1 (1:1000, ab52955; Abcam, Masseachusettes, USA), β-actin (1:1000, 3700S; CST, Boston, USA) and GAPDH (1:1000, 2118S; CST, Boston, USA). Secondary anti-mouse IgG (ab175775), anti-rabbit IgG (ab175773), and anti-goat IgG (ab175776) all conjugated to Alexa Fluor 680 (Abcam, Masseachusettes, USA) were incubated with the membranes for 2 h at room temperature at 1:10,000 dilution. All bands of western blot were detected and qualified with gray scale ratio by Odyssey CLx imaging systems (LI-COR, Nebraska, USA).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Recombinant Proteins

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Protein fractions were analyzed by standard denaturing SDS-PAGE using 4% to 20% gradient mini-gels (Bio-Rad), Expedeon InstantBlue Coomassie stain, and a Li-Cor Odyssey Fc system for Coomassie visualization (700-nm channel). For Western blot analyses, SDS-PAGE-migrated proteins were directly transferred using a standard mini-gel transfer protocol, 0.2-μm polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, and a Trans-blot Turbo transfer system (Bio-Rad). Blocking and antibody incubations were in the presence of 5% skim milk in Tris-phosphate-buffered saline (TPBS); all washes between and after antibody incubations were with 1× TPBS buffer. Rabbit anti-His6 (dilution 1:1,000, ab200537; Abcam) and mouse anti-HA (dilution 1:1,000, number 26183; Thermo Fisher Scientific) antibodies were used as primary antibodies; Alexa Fluor 680-conjugated goat ant-rabbit (dilution 1:10,000, ab175773; Abcam) and donkey anti-mouse (dilution 1:10,000, ab175774; Abcam) were used as secondary antibodies. The Alexa Fluor 680 signal was detected using a Li-Cor Odyssey Fc system in the 700-nm channel.
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3

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Apoptotic Markers

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Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized in 0.2% Triton X-100, and blocked with 3% BSA-PBS. The cells were incubated overnight at 4°C with primary antibodies against cleaved PARP1 (Beyotime, AF1567), AIF (Solarbio, K000163M), or phospho-histone H2A.X (Beyotime, AF1201). DAPI was used to stain the nucleus. Goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L Alexa Fluor 680 (Abcam, ab175773) and goat anti-mouse IgG H&L Alexa Fluor 488 (Abcam, ab150113) were used for secondary antibodies, and immunofluorescence was observed with a Zeiss LSM800 confocal laser microscope.
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4

Quantifying Yeast Protein Expression

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Yeast strains were grown in standard synthetic dextrose (SD) medium (6.7 g/L yeast nitrogen base with ammonium sulfate, 2% galactose) from OD600 of~0.1 overnight at 30°c. Next, the cultures were back diluted to OD600 of~0.1 and let to grow until OD600 of~0.5. The media fraction was separated from the cells using centrifugation (3000g for 3min) and cells were washed with DDW. Both media and cell fractions were precipitated using 10% Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (Sigma) for 20min on ice, centrifuged for 15min at 14000g at 4°c, the supernatant was aspirated, pellet was washed in cold acetone, dried at room temperature for 30min and resuspended in urea lysis buffer (8M urea in 50mM tris pH 7.5 and oComplete Protease Inhibitor (Roche)). The cells were beaten with 100μl of glass beads (scientific industries) for 10min at 4°c. Then 0.1% SDS and 50mM DTT were added to both the cells and the media fractions and boiled at 95°c for 5min. Glass beads and cell debris were removed and the samples were resolved on 4-20% precast polyacrylamide gel (Bio-Rad), transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (PALL), and probed with a monoclonal mouse α-cherry (ab125096, Abcam) and a polyclonal rabbit α-GFP (ab290, Abcam). Secondary antibodies were alexa680 α-rabbit (ab175773, Abcam) and alexa790 α-mouse (ab186695, Abcam) that enable scanning using an Odyssey imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences).
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