Fish collected from each tank (n = 6) were ground, pooled and freeze-dried for proximate composition analysis. Experimental diets were also homogenized prior to analysis. Proximate composition of whole-body samples and experimental diets were performed in duplicate, according to AOAC (2006) methods: dry matter (in an oven at 105°C to constant weight); ash (incinerated at 500°C for 5 h in a muffle furnace; Nabertherm L9/11/B170, Bremen, Germany); protein by quantitation of nitrogen (N) using a Leco nitrogen analyzer (Model FP-528, Leco Corporation, St. Joseph, United States) and conversion (N × 6.25) to equivalent protein; gross energy using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Werke C2000, IKA, Staufen, Germany). Total lipids were extracted and quantified from whole-body and muscle samples according to Folch et al. (1957) (link) and using Folch solution (dichloromethane:methanol 2:1 v/v with 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene – BHT). Iodine and selenium contents of feed samples were determined according to the European standards EN 15111:2007 and EN 15763:2009, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) (Thermo X series II, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, United States), after alkaline (iodine) or acid (selenium) digestion, was used for determination of iodine and selenium, as described by Barbosa et al. (2020) (link).
Nitrogen analyzer
Manufactured by Leco
Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe
The Nitrogen Analyzer is a laboratory instrument designed to accurately determine the nitrogen content in a wide range of sample types. It utilizes advanced analytical techniques to provide reliable and precise nitrogen measurements, enabling researchers and analysts to obtain crucial data for their specific applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Model fp 528, by Leco (1 mentions)
Thermo x series 2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ika calorimeter c1, by IKA Group (1 mentions)
Trumac n, by Leco (1 mentions)
Ankom xt 20 extractor, by ANKOM Technology (1 mentions)
Ika calorimeter system c 6000, by IKA Group (1 mentions)
Ankom 200 fiber analyzer, by ANKOM Technology (1 mentions)
1.3 1 4 mixed linkage β glucan kit, by Megazyme (1 mentions)
Synergy ht, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Ultraflo xl, by Novozymes (1 mentions)
Shearzyme, by Novozymes (1 mentions)
Viscoferm, by Novozymes (1 mentions)
Viscozyme, by Novozymes (1 mentions)
K bglu, by Megazyme (1 mentions)
K tsta 100a, by Megazyme (1 mentions)
Fp 528, by Leco (1 mentions)
16 protocols using nitrogen analyzer
1
Proximate Composition Analysis of Fish Samples
2
Ileal Nutrient Digestibility Assay
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On d 21, six birds per replicate cage were euthanized, and ileal digesta were collected from two-thirds of the distal ileum (from Meckel's diverticulum to about 1 inch anterior to ileocecal junction). The digesta samples were dried for analyses of dry matter, crude protein, and energy. The chromium oxide concentration was measured according to Dansky and Hill (1952) (link), and gross energy was evaluated using a bomb calorimeter (IKA Calorimeter C1, IKA Works Inc., Wilmington, NC). The crude protein (N × 6.25) was analyzed using a LECO nitrogen analyzer (LECO, St. Joseph, MI). The apparent ileal digestibility (AID ) of dry matter, crude protein, and apparent metabolizable energy (AME ) was calculated using the following equation: where Crfeed and Crdig is the chromium dioxide in feed and ileal digesta, respectively; and nutrientdig and nutrientfeed are the nutrient in ileal digesta and feed, respectively.
3
Analyzing Meat Composition Using Advanced Techniques
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The subcutaneous fat and spinalis dorsi muscle from the chop designated for laboratory analyses were removed, and the longissimus lumborum muscle was chopped into cubes, submerged in liquid nitrogen, and pulverized in a Waring blender (Waring Products, New Hartford, CT). Powdered sample was transferred to Whirl-Pac bags (Nasco, Fort Atkinson, WI) and stored at −80 °C until analyses.
Protein content was determined by analyzing the nitrogen content of 0.5 g of sample using the combustion method of a Leco nitrogen analyzer (AOAC Official Method 990.03; TruMac N, Leco Corp., St. Joseph, MI). Nitrogen values were multiplied by 6.25 to calculate protein content. Moisture and fat were determined following the AOAC Official Method PVM-1:2003 using the microwave and NMR functions of a CEM SmarTrac System (CEM Corporation, Mathews, NC).
Protein content was determined by analyzing the nitrogen content of 0.5 g of sample using the combustion method of a Leco nitrogen analyzer (AOAC Official Method 990.03; TruMac N, Leco Corp., St. Joseph, MI). Nitrogen values were multiplied by 6.25 to calculate protein content. Moisture and fat were determined following the AOAC Official Method PVM-1:2003 using the microwave and NMR functions of a CEM SmarTrac System (CEM Corporation, Mathews, NC).
4
Nutrient Composition Analysis of Animal Feed
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The dry matter (DM) content of feed and excreta was determined using method 935.29 (AOAC, 2005 ). Feed samples were weighed (approximately 30 g) in duplicate and placed in a standardized hot air oven at 52°C for 24 h and then weighed to calculate DM%. Frozen (−20°C) excreta samples were weighed (approximately 30 g) in duplicate, freeze-dried and then weighed to calculate DM%. Oven-dried feed and freeze-dried excreta samples were ground to pass through a 1 mm screen prior to conducting analysis. Gross energy (GE) was determined using a Parr adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instrument Company, Moline, Illinois). Nitrogen content of dried feed and excreta samples were determined in duplicate using a Leco Nitrogen analyzer (Leco corporation, St Joseph, MI) method 990.03 (Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), 2005 ). Acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the test ingredients were determined using ANKOM analyzer (AOAC, 2005 , Komarek, 1993 ). The ether extract (EE) was determined according to AOAC using petroleum ether as the solvent (2005 ). Acid insoluble ash (AIA) procedure was performed using 4 mol/L HCl method (McCarthy et al., 1974 ).
5
Proximate Composition and Amino Acid Analysis
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Proximate composition of diets included quantification of the following: crude protein, crude lipid, moisture, and ash (Table 1 ). Briefly, samples were analyzed for ash by combustion (550°C for 5 h) in a muffle furnace (Lindberg Blue M, MA), crude protein (N×6.25) using a Leco nitrogen analyzer (Model FP-628, Leco Corporation, St. Joseph, MO), and crude lipid was extracted with chloroform–methanol (2:1, v/v) as described by Folch et al. [26 (link)]. The AA profile of each feed was analyzed utilizing the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, International (AOAC) Official Method 999.13 [27 ] (Table 1 ). All dietary samples were analyzed in triplicates.
6
Moisture, Ash, and Protein Analysis
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Moisture content and ash content of patties and emulsion sausages were performed following AOAC Official Method 950.46(b) and AOAC Official Method 920.15, respectively [15 ]. Protein content was determined using the Laboratory Equipment Corporation (LECO) nitrogen analyzer using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as standard (Leco Corp., St. Joseph, MI, USA). Values are presented on a wet matter basis (%). All the measurements were performed in triplicate (n = 3).
7
Analytical Methods for Feed Composition
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The samples of MB and SB, (Table 1 ) were analyzed by standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, AOAC, 2005 [18 ]; dry matter (DM; method 930.15), ash (method 942.05), and nitrogen (method 968.06); nitrogen was assayed by Dumas’ combustion method using Leco Nitrogen analyzer (Leco Corporation, St. Joseph, MI, USA). Crude protein (CP) values were obtained by multiplying assayed Nitrogen values by a factor of 6.25. Gross energy was determined for raw samples by total combustion in a bomb calorimeter (IKA Calorimeter System C 6000; IKA Works, Wilmington, NC, USA). Crude fat analysis was performed via petroleum ether extraction in an ANKOM XT 20 extractor (ANKOM Technology, Fairport, NY, USA). Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of raw samples were assessed according to Van Soest et al., 1991, using Ankom 200 fiber analyzer (ANKOM Technology, Fairport, NY, USA). All determinations were performed in triplicates, and the results were expressed as the mean.
8
Proximate Composition Analysis Protocol
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The moisture content was analyzed according to the NREL protocol (NREL/TP-510–42,621) by drying the samples at 105 °C for 24 h (Sluiter et al., 2008 ). The crude protein content was determined by first analyzing total nitrogen content using a nitrogen analyzer (LECO) and then converting the value to protein content using nitrogen to a protein conversion factor of 5.58 (Mariotti et al., 2008 ). Crude lipid content was determined gravimetrically using a portion of the chloroform phase from a chloroform:methanol (2:1) extraction according to Lee et al. (1996 (link)). Ash content was determined according to NREL protocol (NREL/TP-510–42,622) by ashing the samples at 575 °C for 4 h (Sluiter et al., 2005 ).
9
Nutrient Composition Analysis of CCLSC
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The crude protein content of CCLSC was measured by the nitrogen combustion method using a nitrogen analyzer (LECO Corporation, St Joseph, MN, USA). A nitrogen conversion factor of 5.40 was used to calculate the crude protein content. The total lipid content of CCLSC was Soxhlet extracted in a Buchi B-811 extractor (Wanjie Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) with petroleum ether, at 80 °C. The amount of total lipids was calculated as a sum of the extracted lipids after the evaporation of organic solvent from the recipients and drying to a constant weight. The protein and lipid contents of CCLSC were 17.96% ± 0.7281 and 1.08% ± 0.0954, respectively.
10
Proximate Composition Analysis Methods
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Nitrogen content was analyzed by the Dumas method, as described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC (2000) method 992.23, using a nitrogen analyzer (LECO Corp., St. Joseph, MI, USA). A factor of 5.83 was used for protein content conversion. Fat (AOAC 922.06), ash (AOAC 923.03), and total dietary fiber (AOAC 991.43) were also determined. Total carbohydrates were estimated by difference: 100 − (% proteins + % fat +% ash + % water) [20 (link)]. The results were expressed in percentage of dry matter (d.m.).
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