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7 protocols using lext ols5100

1

Synthesis and Characterization of MgB2 Thin Films

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SrTiO3 (100) single-crystal substrates were purchased from SHINKOSHA CO., LTD. Mg powder (212–600 μm, 99.9%, Wako, Osaka, Japan) and MgB2 powder (99%; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were purchased to use MgB2 thin film deposition. Acetonitrile (99.5% (JIS Special grade), FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd., Osaka, Japan), a cation-exchange resin (15JS-HG⋅DRY, Organo Corp., Tokyo, Japan) and formic acid (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) were purchased for ion-exchange treatment.
A pulsed laser ablation device (PLFD-221-1R, Freedom Ltd., Kawasaki, Japan) was used for PLD. X-ray diffractometer (Smartlab, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), laser microscope (LEXT OLS5100, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), TOF-SIMS 5-100-AD (ION-TOF GmbH, Germany), FT/IR-6100 (JASCO, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), atomic force microscope (SPM-9700, Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) and scanning electron microscope (JEM-2010F, JEOL, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) were used for characterization of prepared films.
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2

NEAT1 and miR-491-5p Colocalization Assay

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The Cy3-labeled NEAT1 and FITC-labeled miR-491-5p probes were purchased from RiboBio. Cells were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100. Cells were then hybridized to both Cy3- and FITC-labeled probes [39 (link)]. The nuclei were counterstained with DAPI, with images acquired under a confocal microscope (LEXT™ OLS5100, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of hPDLCs

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In brief, the medium was removed along the edge of the 24‐well plate and hPDLCs were washed thrice with PBS. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 15 min, then cleaned with PBS thrice. 0.1% Triton X‐100/PBS (PBST, Beyotime Biotechnology) solution was soaked for 5 min at room temperature to permeate the cell membrane. Sealed with 1% w/v BSA/PBS at room temperature for 30 min. Then a sufficient amount of diluted primary antibody (Table S2, Supporting Information) was added dropwise and placed in a wet box and incubated overnight at 4 °C. The next day, diluted Alexa Fluor Plus 647 secondary antibody (Table S2, Supporting Information) was added dropwise and incubated in a wet box at 37 °C for 1 h. Finally, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole was diluted with PBS at a ratio of 1:500, and the nuclei were stained at room temperature for 5 min and rinsed with PBS for 3 times. A small amount of anti‐fluorescence quenching agent was added to hPDLCs, and CLSM (LEXT OLS5100, OLYMPUS, Japan) was shot.
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4

Quantifying DNA Damage via γH2AX Immunofluorescence

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Assessment of cell DNA damage degree was conducted by detecting γH2AX positivity through immunofluorescence assay. In brief, after transfection with EIF3D/NC siRNA, SW480 cells and LOVO cells were cultured with 4 μg/ml of 5‐Fu in 4‐well plates at a density of 2.5 × 104 cells/well. The cells were then fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 min, permeabilized by 0.3% Triton X‐100 (X100, Sigma‐Aldrich), and blocked in 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA; A1933, Sigma‐Aldrich). Later, the primary antibody against γH2AX (ab2893, 1 μg/ml, Abcam) was used to incubate the cells at 4°C overnight in the dark. After being washed with PBS, the cells were cultivated with Alexa Fluor 488‐conjugated secondary antibody Goat anti‐rabbit IgG (ab150077, 1: 200, Abcam) for 1 h in the dark. 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI; D9542, Sigma‐Aldrich) was then applied for nucleic acid staining. γH2AX‐emitted fluorescence was observed via a confocal microscope (LEXT OLS5100, Olympus) under ×200 magnification. Fluorescent lesions formed by more than 10 cells were considered positive for γH2AX. In addition, the immunofluorescence assay was performed to reveal the localization of EIF3D and RUVBL1 in the SW480 cells and LOVO cells. The experimental method is similar to that described above, but different antibodies are used.
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5

Apoptosis Analysis of 5-FU-Treated Xenograft Tumors

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The apoptosis in 5‐Fu‐treated mouse‐derived xenograft tumors, which were formed as mentioned above was observed by a TUNEL Assay kit (C1090, Beyotime), as indicated by the manufacturer's protocols. In short, xenograft tumor tissues, which had been dehydrated using gradient ethanol, transparentized with xylene (534,056, Sigma‐Aldrich), and embedded into paraffin (1.07150, Sigma‐Aldrich), were dewaxed by xylene, rehydrated by gradient ethanol, and cut into 4‐μm‐thick sections. The sections were treated with 20 μg/ml proteinase K (ST532 Beyotime) diluted by Immunol Staining Wash Buffer (P0106, Beyotime) for 20 min. Postwashing with PBS, the sections were stained with 50 μl of TUNEL assay solution at 37°C for 60 min. Counterstaining with DAPI (D9542, Sigma‐Aldrich) was conducted for nucleus staining. Apoptotic fluorescence was observed by a confocal microscope (LEXT OLS5100, Olympus) under ×400 magnification.
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6

Moisture Absorption and Surface Characterization of Composite Filaments

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Moisture absorption and diameter of the filaments from waste and waste–Mg composite powders were measured and assessed. Surface topographies of the filaments and failure zones of the print samples after mechanical testing were characterised via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Merlin, Carl Zeiss Co., Jena, Germany). Prior to SEM, the samples were platinum coated to obtain detailed characteristic features. Surface roughness (Ra and Rt) of the prints was measured by using a 3D laser scanning confocal microscope (Olympus’s LEXT OLS5100, Tokyo, Japan).
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7

3D Topographical Analysis of Enamel Wear

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Changes in both scratch and erosion depths were assessed from baseline to Stages 1, 2 and 3 using 3D topographical analysis software (LEXT OLS 5100; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) (Fig. 5). All scans were corrected for tilt prior to analysis. The erosion depth was measured along the upper region of the U-shaped arm, so that the middle of the scanned pitch (approximately 50 µm long) was separated by at least 30 µm from the photoresist border. The same surface was located for longitudinal assessment at subsequent stages with the aid of microscope optics. Erosion depth was calculated from the reference plane (photoresist resin) to the enamel surface by averaging all the vertical distances (spaced at 0.25 µm) across the entire scanned pitch. The scratch depth was measured only on freshly placed scratches towards the middle-third (150 µm) of the scanned pitch. Older scratches placed from earlier stages were not used for analysis. Scratch depth was calculated by averaging the vertical distances from the reference plane fitted over the enamel edges onto the body of the scratch (spaced at 0.25 µm) across the 150-µm long pitch. The data for the 3 scratches were averaged to determine the mean scratch depth for each specimen at each stage. For SEM analysis, the specimens were carbon-coated after being air-dried and dehydrated with silica gel for 72 h.
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