Mito tracker green c1048

Fasentin (HY-101849), etomoxir (HY-50202A), BPTES (HY-12683), ADDA 5 hydrochloride (HY-U00448), 2-DG (HY-13966), and cetylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (HY-B1289) were purchased from MedChemExpress (New Jersey, USA). The trizol reagent was purchased from Takara (Japan), and the reverse transcription system kit and SYBR Green PCR master mix kit were obtained from Vazyme (Nanjing, China). ATP assay kit (S0026), ROS assay kit (S0033S), and Mito-Tracker Green (C1048) were from Beyotime (Jiangsu, China). Calcium assay kit (C004-2-1), lactate assay kit (A019-2-1), and glucose assay kit (A154-1-1) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng (Nanjing, China). Cytochrome c oxidase activity kit (BC0940) were from Solarbio (Beijing, China). The antibody of COX15 (A14665) and β-actin (AC038) was obtained from Abclonal (Wuhan, China).

KSP is a Chinese medicinal formulation that is available in capsule form. The formula contains lucid ganoderma, silymarin, resveratrol, hedyotis diffusa, epimedium, oysters, and codonopsis pilosula. KSP crude drugs were purchased from Tong-Ren-Tang Company (Beijing, China). Aidi injection was purchased from YiBai Pharmaceutical Company (Guizhou, China). CCK8 kit was obtained from Dojindo Laboratories (Kumamoto, Japan). Lyso-Tracker Red C1046 and Mito-Tracker Green C1048 were brought from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Primary antibodies against bcl-2 (ab59348), p53 (ab31333), capase-3 (ab2302), beclin-1 (ab62557), LC3-II (ab48394), and cathepsin L (ab6314) were purchased from Abcam (United States). All female BAL b/c nude mice were purchased from Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Cams&Pumc; Beijing, China.

Sea Buckthorn Proanthocyandins (SBP), were provided by Puredia Limited (Qinghai, China). SBP were extracted from the fruits of sea buckthorn by water extraction and macroporous resin column chromatography, trademarked as CyanthOx™. The purity of SBP was 91.5% comparing with the standard of proanthocyanidins. They were mainly composed of (-)-epicatechin gallate, b-type proanthocyanidins, (+)-gallocatechin-(+)-catechin, and (+)-gallocatechin dimer (Chakrabarty et al., 2018 (link)). Fetal bovine serum was purchased from PAN-Biotech GmbH (Aidenbach, Germany). RPMI1640 medium was purchased from BasalMedia Technologies (Shanghai, China). Mito-Tracker Green (C1048) and MitoTracker Red CMXRos (C1049B) were obtained from the Beyotime Institute of Bio-technology (Shanghai, China). Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Assay Kit (C2009S), Cell Mitochondria Isolation Kit (C3601), and ATP Assay Kit (S0026) were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China. The glucose quantification kit was purchased from Applygen, Beijing, China. The antibodies of HO-1, p-AMPK, and p-Nrf2 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Shanghai, China). PGC-1α was purchased from Bioss Inc. (Woburn, America).