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10 protocols using viewlux microplate reader

1

Luciferase Assay with Bright-Glo

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Luciferase assays were conducted using the Bright-Glo assay (Promega, Madison, WI), following the manufacturer’s instructions. The plates were incubated for 5 minutes at room temperature with gentle shaking before determining the level of luciferase activity. For assays done in 96-well plates, luciferase activity was monitored using a Topcount microplate reader (Perkin Elmer, USA). For HTS and assays done in 384-well plates, luciferase activity was determined using a ViewLux microplate reader (Perkin Elmer, USA).
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2

CRISPR-Cas9 Electroporation Optimization

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Electroporation experiments were carried out using the NEON Transfection system (Thermo Fisher) following the instructions of the manufacturer. Briefly, dissociated cells were resuspended in 100 μl Resuspension Buffer R containing 54 pmole of gRNA, 54 pmole of recombinant Cas9 and 450 pmole of single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides and then electroporated using 100 μl-pipette tips (1200 V, 20 ms, 1 pulse). Electroporated cells were divided into three groups and seeded into VN-coated 24-well plates containing media supplemented with DMSO, 10 μM Y-27632 or CEPT. For the control group, dissociated cells were prepared as described above, but not subjected to electroporation. Microscopic images were captured in the IncuCyte system at 24 h after electroporation. Cell viability was measured using CellTiter-Glo assay (Perkin-Elmer) and ViewLux microplate reader (Perkin-Elmer).
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3

Optimized 1536-well Cell Viability Assay

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A 1536-well 2D cell viability assay was optimized and implemented, which
determines the number of viable cells based on the amount of ATP present using
commercially available luminescence detection reagent CellTiter-Glo (part no.
G7573, Promega, Madison, WI) as previously described.22 (link)Prior to plating, cells were grown to 80% confluence in RPMI 1640 complete growth
media. After washing once with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), cells were
detached by TrypLE (part no. 12604021, Life Technologies) and centrifuged at
300g for 5 min. Cells were suspended and filtered through
cell strainer. Two hundred cells in 5 µL of culture media were seeded in
1536-well plates (part no. 789173-F, Greiner Bio-One, Monroe, NC). After
incubation of the assay plates overnight (~14 h), cells were treated with
compounds and vehicle (10 nL, 0.02% DMSO). Cell viability was assessed after 72
h of incubation using CellTiter-Glo reagent according to manufacturer’s
instructions. The ViewLux microplate reader (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) was used
to quantitate luminescence signal. IC50 values of five
pharmacological control compounds (doxorubicin, gemcitabine, SN-38,
5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin, all purchased from Sigma, St. Louis, MO) were
determined by fitting the concentration–response curve (CRC) data with a
four-parameter variable-slope method in GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, San
Diego, CA).
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4

High-throughput 1536-well Cell Viability Assay

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A 1536-well 2D cell viability assay was optimized and implemented, which determines the number of viable cells based on the amount of ATP present using commercially available luminescence detection reagent CellTiter-Glo (Part# G7573, Promega, Madison, WI) as previously described.22 (link)Prior to plating, cells were grown to 80% confluence in RPMI 1640 complete growth media. After washing once with PBS, cells were detached by TrypLE (Part# 12604021, Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and centrifuged at 300 × g for 5 min. Cells were suspended and filtered through cell strainer. 200 cells in 5 μL culture media were seeded in 1536-well plates (Part# 789173-F, Greiner, Monroe, NC). After incubation of the assay plates overnight (~14 hours), cells were treated with compounds and vehicle (10 nL, 0.02% DMSO). Cell viability was assessed after 72-hour incubation using Cell-Titer Glo reagent according to manufacturer’s instruction. The ViewLux microplate reader (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) was used to quantitate luminescence signal. IC50 values of 5 pharmacological control compounds (Doxorubicin, Gemcitabine, SN-38, 5-Fluorouracil, and Oxaliplatin, all purchased from Sigma) were determined by fitting the concentration response curve data (CRC) with a four-parameter variable slope method in GraphPad Prism (GraphPad software, San Diego, CA).
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5

Fluopol-ABPP Assay for PAFAH1b2 Inhibitors

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Prior to the start of the assay, 4.0 μL of Assay Buffer (0.01% Pluronic acid, 50 mM Tris HCl pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT) containing 1.25 μM of purified PAFAH1b2 protein were dispensed into 1536 microtiter plates. Next, 17 nL of test compound in DMSO (3.39 μM compound concentration) or DMSO alone (0.34% final concentration) were added to the appropriate wells and incubated for 120 min at 25 °C. The fluopol-ABPP assay was started by dispensing 1.0 μL of 375 nM FP-Rh probe in Assay Buffer to all wells. Plates were incubated for 90 min at 25 °C. Fluorescence polarization was read on a Viewlux microplate reader (PerkinElmer, Turku, Finland) using a BODIPY TMR FP filter set and a BODIPY dichroic mirror (excitation = 525 nm, emission = 598 nm) for 15 s for each polarization plane (parallel and perpendicular).
Details describing analysis and filtering of primary screening data can be found in Supporting Information.
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6

Luciferase Interference Assay Optimization

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A simple biochemical assay was optimized and implemented in 1536-well which determines the artifacts affecting the activity of luciferase and ATP turnover and was used to identify false positives found in the primary assay. Briefly, 5uL of 1XDPBS containing 2μM of ATP was dispensed on each well. The hits were cherry-picked and these compounds and vehicle (10 nL, 0.02% DMSO) were added to the appropriate wells. The amount of ATP present was measured by using CellTiter-Glo diluted 1:4 in 1XPBS. The ViewLux microplate reader (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) was used to quantitate luminescence signal. IC50 values of two pharmacological control compounds, Resveratrol, and an internal compound SR-389176 were determined by fitting the CRC data as described above.
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7

High-Throughput 1536-Well Cell Viability Assay

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A 1536-well cell viability assay was optimized and implemented, which determines the number of viable cells based on the amount of ATP present using commercially available luminescence detection reagent CellTiter-Glo (Part# G7573, Promega, Madison, WI). Prior to plating, hepatocells were thawed in the Corning Hepatocells growth media and centrifuged at 300 × g for 5 min. Cells were suspended and filtered through cell strainer. For the 2D assay, 400 cells in 5 μL culture media were seeded using a Flying Reagent Dispenser (Aurora) in 1536-well plates (Part# 789173-F, Greiner, Monroe, NC) and for the 3D assay, 1000 cells were seeded in the same volume per well. After 48hrs of incubation of the assay plates, cells were treated with compounds and vehicle (10 nL, 0.2% DMSO) via a pintool and the GNF/Kalypsis platform (La Jolla, CA). Cell viability was assessed after 48-hour incubation using Cell-Titer Glo reagent according to manufacturer’s instruction. The ViewLux microplate reader (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) was used to quantitate luminescence signal. IC50 values of 3 pharmacological control compounds (Doxorubicin, Gemcitabine, SN-38, all purchased from Sigma) were determined by fitting the CRC data with a four-parameter variable slope method in GraphPad Prism.
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8

CRISPR-Cas9 Electroporation Optimization

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Electroporation experiments were carried out using the NEON Transfection system (Thermo Fisher) following the instructions of the manufacturer. Briefly, dissociated cells were resuspended in 100 μl Resuspension Buffer R containing 54 pmole of gRNA, 54 pmole of recombinant Cas9 and 450 pmole of single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides and then electroporated using 100 μl-pipette tips (1200 V, 20 ms, 1 pulse). Electroporated cells were divided into three groups and seeded into VN-coated 24-well plates containing media supplemented with DMSO, 10 μM Y-27632 or CEPT. For the control group, dissociated cells were prepared as described above, but not subjected to electroporation. Microscopic images were captured in the IncuCyte system at 24 h after electroporation. Cell viability was measured using CellTiter-Glo assay (Perkin-Elmer) and ViewLux microplate reader (Perkin-Elmer).
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9

High-Throughput siRNA Screening for Compound Efficacy

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60nL of 2uM siRNAs were stamped using an Echo acoustic liquid dispenser (Labcyte) on each well of 1,536-micro plates (Greiner) for final concentration of 20nM. Cells were then reverse-transfected using Dharmafect 4 (Dharmacon) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. 24 hours after transfection, cells were incubated for 96 hours with DMSO (vehicle), IC30 of harrpernoid D, or dabrafenib until lysed with CellTiter-Glo (Promega) for viability assay. Luminescence signal was measured with ViewLux microplate reader (Perkin Elmer) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Screen data were processed using RSA (redundant siRNA activity) analysis and GESS (genome-wide enrichment of seed sequence matches) off-target analysis as described previously (Sigoillot, et al., 2012 (link); Birmingham, et al., 2009 (link)).
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10

Cytotoxicity Assay for Jurkat Cells

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Jurkat cells (clone E6.1, ATCC- TIB-152) were cultured in suspension with growth media containing RPMI-1640, 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum, 0.1 mM NEAA, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 25 mM HEPES, 5 mM L-glutamine and 1× Anti-Anti (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA.) at 37°C in 95% relative humidity and 5% CO2. Five hundred cells per well were added into 1536-well plates and incubated with compounds or DMSO alone for 18hrs at 37°C in 95% relative humidity and 5% CO2, at which time 5µl of CellTiter-Glo (Promega, Madison, WI) were added to all wells. Plates were centrifuged and incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature. Luminescence was measured on a ViewLux microplate reader (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA). Doxorubicin was used a positive control. For more information, see Table 1 and PubChem AID 364.
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