EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of Materials
Standard kanamycin, kanamycin B, neomycin, paromomycin, tobramycin, and amikacin were purchased from Sigma (USA). 2-mercaptoethanol, phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1), uridine 5′-diphospho-D-glucose (UDP-Glc), and glass beads (150 to 212 μm) were also purchased from Sigma. Heptafluorobutyric acid (HFBA) was obtained from Fluka, and HPLC-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and water were obtained from J. T. Baker. 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS, compound 1) and UDP-2-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) were purchased from GeneChem (Republic of Korea). Cation solid-phase exchanger (OASIS MXC SPE, 3 mL/60 mg) and vacuum manifold were purchased from Waters. The culture medium components, soybean meal, yeast extract, and malt extract were acquired from BD Science (USA).
Paromamine and neamine were prepared from paromomycin and neomycin, respectively, by methanolysis. UDP-2-D-glucosamine (UDP-GlcN) was prepared by enzymatic reaction of UDP-D-glucose pyrophosphorylase with glucosamine-1-phosphate and uridine 5′-triphosphate (UTP). Escherichia coli DH10B and plasmid Litmus 28 (New England Biolabs) were used for routine subcloning. High-copy number E. coli-Streptomyces shuttle vector pSE34 containing the strong ermE* promoter plus a thiostrepton resistance marker was used as an expression plasmid.