For most experiments (excluding thalamic stimulation experiments), the ACSF included 10 μM NBQX to block AMPA receptors. In a subset of experiments (see text), the ACSF also included (in μM): 6 ifenprodil, 3 CGP-55845, 3 nimodipine, 5 KN-62, 20 cyclosporine A, 100 (S)-MCPG, 50 CPP, 0.5 etomidate, 0.2 ω-agatoxin TK or 1 ω-conotoxin GVIA. In cell loading experiments, the drug concentrations (in μM unless indicated otherwise) are as follows: 500 MK-801, 10 mM BAPTA, 10 AIP, 40/10 Ca2+/calmodulin or 200 ng/ml BoNT-A. For loading constitutively active CaMKII*, the compound was synthesized as previously described (Tavalin and Colbran, 2017 (link)) and added to the internal solution. All compounds other than CaMKIIα were purchased from Tocris except for conotoxin (Peptides International), agatoxin (Peptides International), and calmodulin (Sigma-Aldrich).
Conotoxin
Manufactured by Peptide Institute
Sourced in Japan
Conotoxin is a peptide compound produced by marine cone snails. It functions as a neurotoxin, primarily targeting ion channels and receptors in the nervous system.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
2 protocols using conotoxin
1
Pharmacological Modulation of Synaptic Transmission
2
Modulation of Podocyte Nephrin Expression
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Conditionally immortalized human podocytes were cultured as described previously36 37 (link). Differentiated podocytes were serum-starved for 24 h and then pretreated with 100 nM ω-conotoxin (Peptide Institute, Osaka, Japan)38 (link), 10 μM cilnidipine or 10 μM nitrendipine at 1 h before the stimulation of recombinant human TGF-β1 (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). Cells were harvested after 24 h, and the expression level of nephrin was assayed by real-time RT-PCR analysis (n = 5–12).
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