Topoisomerase 1 e coli m0301

All chemicals used for complex synthesis were purchased from Sigma Aldrich without further purification. The following assays were purchased from Merck Millipore and procedures were followed as per manufacturer protocols: Guava Nexin® Reagent (4500-0450), Guava EasyCyte™ MitoPotential Kit (4500-0250), Guava Caspase 8 FAM and Caspase 9 SR (4500-0640) and Guava Caspase 3/7. Propidium iodide (PI, BTIU40017) was purchased from VWR. RNase A (12091-021), Alexa Flour 488 goat anti-mouse IgG F(ab)₂ fragment (A-11020), Alexa flour 488-phalloidin (A12379), DAPI (D1306) and Mitotracker Deep Red (M22426) were purchased from Biosciences Ireland. Anti-phospho-histone H2AX (05−636) was purchased from Merck Millipore. Salmon testes DNA (D1626) and synthetic double stranded alternating co-polymers, Poly[d(G-C)₂] (P9389) and Poly[d(A-T)₂] (P0883) used in CD studies were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. pUC19 plasmid DNA (N3041), CutSmart® buffer (B7204), 100X BSA (B9000) and topoisomerase I (E. coli) (M0301) were all purchased from New England Biolabs. LC3 isoform LC3A rabbit monoclonal antibody (Cell Signalling) was kindly donated by Dr. Joanne Keenan while goat anti-rabbit conjugated Alex Fluor-647 (ThermoFisher) was donated by Dr. Clair Gallagher.

All chemicals used for complex synthesis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich without further purification. The following assays were purchased from Merck Millipore and procedures were followed as per the manufacturer protocol: Guava Nexin^® Reagent (4500-0450), Guava EasyCyte™ MitoPotential Kit (4500-0250), Guava Caspase 8 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) and Caspase 9 SR (4500-0640) and Guava Caspase 3/7 (4500-0540). Propidium iodide (BTIU40017) was purchased from VWR. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (10175140), calf thymus DNA (15633-019), RNase A (12091-021), Alexa Flour 488 goat anti-mouse IgG F(ab)₂ fragment (A11020), Alexa flour 488-phalloidin (A12379), 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; D1306), NucBlue Live (R37605), singlet oxygen sensor green (S36002) and MitoTracker Deep Red (M22426) were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific. Anti-phospho-histone H2AX (05-636) was purchased from Merck Millipore. Doxorubicin (Dox) hydrochloride (D2975000), dihydroethidium (D7008), salmon testes DNA (D1626), synthetic double stranded alternating co-polymers, poly[d(G⋅C)₂] (P9389) and poly[d(A⋅T)₂] (P0883) and Micrococcus Lysodeikticus (D8259) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. pUC19 plasmid DNA (N3041), CutSmart® buffer (B7204), 100× bovine serum albumin (BSA) (B9000) and topoisomerase I (E. coli) (M0301) were all purchased from New England Biolabs.