Isopropyl β d thiogalactopyranoside

Sterile deionized water was used in making all buffers. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ammonium chloride, span-60, cholesterol, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate monobasic, and sodium phosphate dibasic were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). L-glutamine, urea, and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). Isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) was purchased from HiMedia (Mumbai, India). HEPES, streptomycin, and ampicillin were purchased from USB (Cleveland, OH, USA), and chloroform was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH, USA). Nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid was purchased from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany). Brad-ford reagent was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc. (Hercules, CA, USA). Tissue culture plate and micro-bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay kit were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Gibco^® (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate was purchased from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA).