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4 protocols using magnesium sulfate

1

Recombinant Lipase LipA PSA01 Production

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Accurel MP1004, a porous polypropylene homopolymer powder with a particle size lesser than 0.4 mm, was purchased from Membrana GmbH (Obenburg, Germany). We purchased p-nitrophenyl palmitate (pNPP) and oleic acid (95%) from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, Mo, USA). Tripalmitin was acquired from Spectrum Chemicals Mfg. Corp. (Gardena, CA, USA), and the coconut and Spanish extra virgin olive oils were bought from a local market. The reagents Bradford dye, acrylamide, and bisacrylamide were purchased from Biorad (Richmond, CA, USA).
We used the autoinducing medium for growth and expression of the recombinant lipase LipA PSA01: tryptone, yeast extract, lactose, glucose, glycerol, lactose, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, and magnesium sulfate were purchased from PanReac AppliChem (Barcelona, Spain). All solvents (hexane, ethanol, acetone, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, and methanol) were acquired from JT Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Gas chromatography standards and other chemicals used in this study (sodium, sodium hydroxide, TRIS, acetic acid, HEPES) were analytical reagents obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, Mo, USA).
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2

Quantification of Tropane Alkaloids

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Atropine ((±)-hyoscyamine), (±)-scopolamine hydrochloride, anisodamine, and homatropine hydrobromide were bought from Sigma-Aldrich as standards for tropane alkaloids (Madrid, Spain). For internal standards (IS), atropine-d5 and scopolamine-13C, d3 Hydrobromide were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, ON, Canada). Before use, all standard solutions were maintained at room temperature for 30 min before being stored in amber vials in the dark at −20 °C.
Methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (ACN), both HPLC-gradient grade, and formic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Milli-Q plus system from Millipore (Molsheim, France) was used to purify the water, and it had a resistivity of 18.2 M cm.
For QuEChERS, magnesium sulfate and trisodium citrate dihydrate were purchased from PanReac (Barcelona, Spain), sodium chloride from Fluka (Seelze, Germany), and sodium citrate dibasic sesquihydrate from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA) supplied the primary secondary amine-bonded silica (PSA) that was used for clean-up, in combination with anhydrous magnesium sulfate acquired from PanReac (Barcelona, Spain).
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3

HPLC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

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All reagents and standards were of analytical grade (purity > 98%). The solvents used for the extraction procedure and HPLC-MS analysis, acetonitrile (MeCN) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Sodium chloride (NaCl), trisodium citrate dehydrate (C 6 H 5 Na 3 O 7 .2H 2 O), disodium hydrogen citrate sesquihydrate (C 6 H 8 Na 2 O 8 ), magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) and formic acid (FA) were supplied from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). The sorbents, Bondesil primary secondary amine (PSA, 40 μm) was obtained from Agilent Technologies (USA), whereas octadecylsilane (C18) were from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). QuEChERS extraction/partitioning tubes and the clean-up tubes were obtained from Waters (Milford, MA, USA).
Six of the phenolic standards that were used for identification and semi-quantification purposes, namely protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol and trans-resveratrol were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), whereas (+)-catechin and rutin were supplied by Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Ultrapure water (18 MΩ cm at 23 • C) was obtained by means of a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). All the eluates were filtered through 0.22 μm PTFE membrane filters (Millipore) supplied by via Athena -Gestão de Laboratórios, Lda. (Sacavém, Lisbon, Portugal).
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4

Alginate-based Phage Delivery in P. fluorescens

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Alginate CR8223 (FMC BioPolymer) with M/G ratio of 65/35 and a molecular weight (MW) of 300 kDa was kindly provided by FMC Health and Nutrition. Glycerol 99% was purchased from Himedia® (India). Tris base and PEG 8000 were purchased from Fisher BioReagents™ (USA). Calcium chloride, magnesium sulfate and ferrous ammonium sulfate were obtained from Panreac Applichem (Spain) and the sodium chloride was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Portugal).
2.2. Bacteria and phage ϕIBB-PF7A P. fluorescens PF7A, isolated in a previous work (Sillankorva et al., 2008b) was grown at 30 °C in liquid LB broth (Liofilchem®) or solid LB medium containing 1.2% (w/v) of agar (LBA, Acros Organics™). Phage ϕIBB-PF7A has been previously isolated and characterized (Sillankorva et al., 2008b) .
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