Kga101

After transfection for 48 h, the A549 and H1299 cells were harvested, washed twice with ice-cold PBS, and resuspended in 1× binding buffer. For cell apoptosis analysis, cells were incubated in Annexin-V/PI double staining solution (KGA101, KeyGen Biotech, Nanjing, China) for 20 min, according to the manufacturer's instructions, and then analysed using a FACSCalibur flow cytometer. The cell cycle was evaluated using a cell cycle and apoptosis analysis kit (C1052, Beyotime) according to the manufacturer's instructions using a FACS Calibur flow cytometer.

AdEPCs (5 × 10⁵ cells per group) were incubated with different concentrations of CD133@Fe₃O₄ or PEG@Fe₃O₄ overnight. The magnetized cells were washed twice with PBS and collected. An apoptosis detection kit (KGA101, KeyGEN BioTECH, Nanjing, China) was used. Briefly, the cells were suspended with 500 µL binding buffer and incubated with 5 µL annexin V-EGFP and propidium iodide for 15 min at room temperature protected from light. A flow cytometer (C40323, Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, USA) was used to measure the treated cells, and then flow cytometer software version V10 (Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, USA) was used for data analysis.