The samples (Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) and Katsuwonus pelamis (Surma)) were received from a local wholesale fish market named Jatrabari, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The samples were kept in an ice box (HDPE ice box, India) with each type of sample in a separate sterile polythene bag to avoid any types of contamination, and then transported (within 1.5 h) to the Fish Technology Research Laboratory of the Institute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), BCSIR, Dhaka. All the chemicals (Congo red dye, NaOH, HNO3) were of analytical grade which were purchased from E-Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and used exactly as they were received.
Congo red dye
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, India
Congo red dye is a synthetic dye used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a pH indicator, changing color from blue to red as the pH decreases. Congo red dye is also used for staining and visualization purposes in biological and chemical studies.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by HiMedia (2 mentions)
Pyrene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Avaspec 2048, by Avantes (2 mentions)
Ufb 400, by Memmert (1 mentions)
N 3 dimethylaminopropyl n ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride edc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Low molecular weight cs, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Blood agar base, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tryptic soy broth culture, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Muller hinton agar culture, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Carboxymethylcellulose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Skimmed milk, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tributyrin agar, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Guaiacol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Starch, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lugol s solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mannitol salt phenol red agar, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Milli q advantage a10 system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
40 protocols using congo red dye
1
Heavy Metal Detection in Tilapia and Surma
2
Drying and Characterization of Pterocarpus indicus Twigs
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Pterocarpus indicus twigs was collected in UTM Johor Bahru campus. It was cut to a size of 1.5–2.0 cm in length and dried in an oven (UFB-400, Memmert, Germany) at 110 °C for 12 h to remove moisture. Zinc chloride and methylene blue dye were purchased from HmbG Chemicals (Hamburg, Germany), while H3PO4 was obtained from R&M Chemicals (Essex, UK). Hydrochloric acid sodium hydroxide and congo red dye were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals are of analytical grade reagents.
3
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Honey
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Low molecular weight Cs and N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Co. Tryptic soy broth culture was purchased from Merck Co. Exira Pharmaceutical Co. provided the meropenem (Merrem). Blood agar base, Muller Hinton agar culture, and congo red dye were purchased from Merck Co. Natural Khansar honey was prepared from Sharekord.
4
Photocatalytic Decolorization of Congo Red
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TiO2 P25, Congo red dye, HCl, and NaOH in the analytical grade were purchased from Merck Company and were used without any purification. Chicken eggs were collected from a public market in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
5
Screening of Microbial Enzymatic Activities
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All chemicals and growth media were purchased from commercial sources. LB broth and LB agar medium were bought from A&A Biotechnology (Gdynia; Poland). Mannitol salt phenol−red agar, Spirit blue agar, tributyrin agar, skimmed milk, starch, carboxymethylcellulose, guaiacol, X−gal (5−bromo−4−chloro−3−indolyl−β−D−galactopyranoside), Tween 80, cottonseed oil, Lugol’s solution, Congo red dye, and PBS tablets (pH 7.4) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure H2O (18.0 MΩ) was produced with the Milli−Q Advantage A10 system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).
6
Congo Red Agar Biofilm Assay
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Detection of biofilm formation in all isolates was studied by the CRA method according to the protocol described by Freeman et al [10 (link)]. CRA medium was prepared with brain heart infusion broth (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) 37 g/L, sucrose (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) 50 g/L, agar-agar (Pronadisa, Laboratories Conda, S.A., Madrid, Spain) 10 g/L, and Congo red dye (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) 0.8 g/L. Prepared CRA plates were inoculated with a 0.5 McFarland turbidity standard of microorganism and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 hours. For color evaluation of colonies, a 5-colourimetric scale method was used. Biofilm-positive isolates appeared as dry opaque black and bright black colonies, while biofilm-negative variants developed a red, pink with or without a darkening at the center, or Bordeaux red colonies [6 (link)].
7
Biofilm Formation Assay on CRA Plates
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The formation of the biofilm was assessed qualitatively by culturing enterococcal isolates on CRA plates [24 (link),25 (link)]. To prepare CRA plates, 1 L of brain heart infusion agar (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was mixed with 0.8 g of Congo red dye (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and 36 g of saccharose. The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37 °C and followed overnight at room temperature. Black colonies were assessed to be strains with a high capacity to produce a biofilm (P; producer), whereas strains with red colonies were identified as the strains incapable of producing the biofilm (NP; non-producer).
8
Amyloid Beta Aggregation Inhibition
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Zorbex UPLC C18 Silica Column, Methanol, Formic Acid, Acetonitrile,
Amyloid beta (Aβ42) protein (Link biotech), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from
electric eel, Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) from equine serum, Thioflavin T (ThT),
scopoletin and congo red (CR) dye were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India. Fetal
bovine serum (FBS), RPMI 1640 medium, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and MTT
(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) salt along with other
tissue-culture-grade chemicals were purchased from Himedia, India. All preparations
were filtered through 0.45 µm Axiva 25 mm CA filter before use in tissue culture
experiments.
Amyloid beta (Aβ42) protein (Link biotech), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from
electric eel, Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) from equine serum, Thioflavin T (ThT),
scopoletin and congo red (CR) dye were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India. Fetal
bovine serum (FBS), RPMI 1640 medium, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and MTT
(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) salt along with other
tissue-culture-grade chemicals were purchased from Himedia, India. All preparations
were filtered through 0.45 µm Axiva 25 mm CA filter before use in tissue culture
experiments.
9
Antifungal Activity of Congo Red Dye
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The experiments were performed according to Ram and Klis (2006) [40 (link)] with minor changes. A susceptibility test was performed using Congo Red (CR) dye (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) at 100 to 2500 µM concentrations. After determining which concentrations the fungus was sensitive to, the dye was added to the supplemented BHI at 34.8 mg/L (100 µM) and 52.25 mg/L (150 µM) and was plated on Petri dishes. The strains were cultivated in their respective HAM-F12 media in planktonic growth and biofilm form at 24 and 144 h. After these periods, the cultures of each strain were centrifuged and resuspended at concentrations of 5 × 105 cells/mL and 5 × 106 cells/mL, and 5 µL of each concentration, treated and non-treated with CR, was plated onto BHI.
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Carbon Materials
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Cellulose acetate (M.wt. 30,000), graphite powder, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Methylene blue tri-hydrate (MB), Crystal violet (CV) dye, Congo red (CR) dye and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Germany). Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), chlorosulfonic acid (ClSO3H), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), Nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetone and Ethanol were provided from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd (China).
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