Ion conductivity measurements
were performed using a FRA-based Multiplexed Conductivity Meter MCM
10 (BioLogic Science Instruments) from −20 to +120 °C
(10 °C steps with 20 min equilibration time).
Viscosity
and density measurements were carried out from +10 to +90 °C
using a rolling-ball viscometer (Lovis 2000 M/ME, Anton Parr). The
cell temperature was regulated within ±0.02 °C. Ultrapure
water was used to calibrate the viscometer and densitometer. The uncertainties
of the density and viscosity measurements were less than 5 ×
10–5 g cm–3 and 0.5%, respectively.
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was carried out
using a Jasco FT/IR-4700 Spectrometer with the universal ATR Pro One
accessory (equipped with a diamond crystal) for the range 500–4000
cm–1 at a resolution of 2 cm–1.
Raman spectra were recorded using a Bruker MultiRAM FT-Raman
spectrometer
with a spectral resolution of 2 cm–1 using a Nd:YAG
laser (1064 nm, 500 mW) as the excitation source. Data were typically
averaged over 500 scans and recorded at 40 °C for the carbonate-based
electrolytes and 25 °C for the DMF-based electrolytes. All bands
in the resulting spectra were fitted as Voigt functions, typically
with a unity Gaussian/Lorentzian mix by width, using Origin Software.
were performed using a FRA-based Multiplexed Conductivity Meter MCM
10 (BioLogic Science Instruments) from −20 to +120 °C
(10 °C steps with 20 min equilibration time).
Viscosity
and density measurements were carried out from +10 to +90 °C
using a rolling-ball viscometer (Lovis 2000 M/ME, Anton Parr). The
cell temperature was regulated within ±0.02 °C. Ultrapure
water was used to calibrate the viscometer and densitometer. The uncertainties
of the density and viscosity measurements were less than 5 ×
10–5 g cm–3 and 0.5%, respectively.
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was carried out
using a Jasco FT/IR-4700 Spectrometer with the universal ATR Pro One
accessory (equipped with a diamond crystal) for the range 500–4000
cm–1 at a resolution of 2 cm–1.
Raman spectra were recorded using a Bruker MultiRAM FT-Raman
spectrometer
with a spectral resolution of 2 cm–1 using a Nd:YAG
laser (1064 nm, 500 mW) as the excitation source. Data were typically
averaged over 500 scans and recorded at 40 °C for the carbonate-based
electrolytes and 25 °C for the DMF-based electrolytes. All bands
in the resulting spectra were fitted as Voigt functions, typically
with a unity Gaussian/Lorentzian mix by width, using Origin Software.