The nutritional composition analyses from the rosehip and flaxseed meals, compound feeds and eggs were determined on samples dried at 65 °C, by using standardized methods performed according to Regulation (CE) no 152/ 2009. SR EN ISO 5983-2:2009 for crude protein (Kjeltec auto 1030; Tecator Instruments, Hoganas, Sweden, SE); SR EN ISO 6492:2001 for crude fat (Soxtec 2055; Foss Tecator, Hoganas, Sweden, SE); and SR EN ISO 6865:2002 for crude fiber (Fibertec 2010 System; Foss Tecator, Sweden, SE), as described elsewhere [15 (link)].
Soxtec 2055
Manufactured by Foss
Sourced in Sweden, Denmark
The Soxtec 2055 is a laboratory equipment product designed for the extraction and analysis of lipids. It provides a automated and standardized approach to the Soxhlet extraction process, a widely used technique in analytical chemistry. The Soxtec 2055 allows for the efficient and reliable determination of fat content in a variety of sample types.
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Lab products found in correlation
Fibertec 2010 system, by Foss (4 mentions)
Kjeltec 2300, by Foss (3 mentions)
Cp225d, by Sartorius (1 mentions)
Syx62, by Xiamen (1 mentions)
Kjeltec 8400, by Foss (1 mentions)
6200 isoperibol calorimeter, by Parr (1 mentions)
Kjeltec 2300 analyzer unit, by Foss (1 mentions)
F002 1 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (1 mentions)
A015 2 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (1 mentions)
A001 1 2, by Nanjing Jiancheng (1 mentions)
Lc 20ad, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
F001 1 1, by Nanjing Jiancheng (1 mentions)
Spectramax m5, by Molecular Devices (1 mentions)
A005 1 2, by Nanjing Jiancheng (1 mentions)
Kern dbs 60 3, by Kern & Sohn (1 mentions)
2200 kjeltec auto distillation unit, by Foss (1 mentions)
15 protocols using soxtec 2055
1
Nutritional Composition Analysis of Animal Feeds
2
Comprehensive Food Composition Analysis
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Moisture, ash, fat, and protein contents of samples were determined according to the standard methods of the Association of Analytical Chemists [32 ]. Moisture was determined by oven drying at 103 °C for 5 h (AOAC 925.10). The ash content was analysed by dry ashing in a muffle furnace at 500 °C for 5 h (AOAC 923.03). Fat determination was carried out following AOAC 922.06, using a Soxtec 2055 (Foss, Ballymount, Co., Dublin, Ireland). Total nitrogen content was determined by the Kjeldahl method (AOAC 930.29) using the following nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors: 6.25 for quinoa, buckwheat, and maize [12 (link),33 (link)], 5.85 for amaranth [24 (link)], and 5.95 for rice ingredients [12 (link)]. Total carbohydrate was calculated by difference (i.e., 100—sum of protein, fat, ash, and moisture). Total starch (AOAC Methods 996.11 and AACC Method 76-13.01), damaged starch as a % of total starch (AACC method 76-31.01 and ICC method No. 164), and soluble (SDF), insoluble (IDF), and total dietary fibre (TDF) (AOAC Method 991.43 and AACC Method 32-07.01) contents were determined using enzyme kits (Megazyme, Bray, Co., Wicklow, Ireland). β-glucan, casein, and high-amylose maize starch were used as controls in dietary fibre analysis (K-TDFC; Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland).
3
Chemical Composition Analysis of Samples
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The basic chemical composition analyses were determined on samples dried at 65°C, as previously described [13 ]. Briefly, standardized methods were used to determine the nutrient concentration. The CP was determined by the Kjeldahl method according to Regulation (CE) nr. 152/2009 and standard SR EN ISO 5983-2:2009 (Kjeltec auto 1030; Tecator Instruments, Hoganas, Sweden). Crude fat (EE) was determined by extraction in organic solvents - the method complies with Regulation (CE) No. 152/2009 and standard SR EN ISO 6492:2001 (Soxtec 2055; Foss Tecator, Hoganas, Sweden). Crude fibre was determined by the method with intermediary filtration, according to Regulation (CE) No. 152/2009 and standard SR EN ISO 6865:2002 (Fibertec 2010 System; Foss Tecator, Sweden). All assays were performed in triplicate.
4
Nutritional Composition Analysis of Experimental Diets
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The nutritional compositions of the experimental diets and whole fish were determined using the AOAC (1995) method. The samples were dried to a constant weight at 105 °C in a drying oven to measure the moisture content. Crude protein content was determined using a Kjeldahl nitrogen tester (BUCHI, KjeIFIex K-360, Switzerland). The crude fat content was determined using a Soxhlet extractor (FOSS Soxtec-2055, Sweden); the samples were heated in an electric furnace until they were smokeless and then cauterized to constant weight (4 h) using a Muffle furnace at 550°C to determine the ash content.
5
Standard Chemical Composition Analysis
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The chemical composition analyses of the diets were conducted by standard methods (AOAC, 2005 ). Crude protein was determined using the Kjeldahl method (N × 6.25) (Kjeltec 2,300, FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark). Crude lipid was determined by petroleum ether extraction (without acid hydrolysis) using Soxtec (Soxtec 2,055, FOSS, Denmark). Ash was determined by combusting at 550°C to constant weight in a muffle furnace (Shenyang Energy-saving Electric Furnace Factory, Shenyang, China). Starch content was analyzed by spectrophotometry (spectropolarimeter CP225D, Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany). Intestinal trypsin, α-amylase, lipase, and total protein were assayed using commercial kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China).
6
Formulation and Analysis of Fish Diets
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Formulation and proximate chemical composition of the trial diets are shown in Table 1 (Huang et al., 2021 (link)). Two (49% crude protein) and isolipidic (9% crude lipid) semi-purified diets were formulated with α- cassava starch (0 and 220 g/kg), named as Z diet and G diet, respectively. Briefly, all dry ingredients were crushed and sifted through 280 μm mesh, then weighed according to the ratio and mixed manually for 10 min. The mixed ingredients were transferred to a pelletizer (SYX62, Xiamen, China) and processed into 2 mm diameter pellets. All diets were air-dried at room temperature (23°C–30°C) and stored at −20°C until use.
The chemical composition analyses of the diets were conducted by standard methods (AOAC, 2005 ). Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were determined by Kjeldahl method (N × 6.25) (Kjeltec 2300, FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark), petroleum ether extraction (without acid hydrolysis) using Soxtec (Soxtec 2055; FOSS), and combustion at 550°C to constant weight in a muffle furnace (Shenyang Energy-saving Electric Furnace Factory, Shenyang, China). Optical rotation method was used to determine the starch content (spectropolarimeter WZZ-2B, Shanghai, China).
The chemical composition analyses of the diets were conducted by standard methods (AOAC, 2005 ). Crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were determined by Kjeldahl method (N × 6.25) (Kjeltec 2300, FOSS, Hilleroed, Denmark), petroleum ether extraction (without acid hydrolysis) using Soxtec (Soxtec 2055; FOSS), and combustion at 550°C to constant weight in a muffle furnace (Shenyang Energy-saving Electric Furnace Factory, Shenyang, China). Optical rotation method was used to determine the starch content (spectropolarimeter WZZ-2B, Shanghai, China).
7
Comprehensive Nutritional Analysis of Experimental Diets
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The chemical composition of the experimental diets was analyzed using the following standard methods. The samples were dried to a constant weight at 105°C for 24 h to determine the dry matter content. Crude protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method using a Kjeltec system (Kjeltec-8400, FOSS). Crude lipids were measured by Soxhlet extraction using a Soxhlet extractor (Soxtec-2055, FOSS). Crude ash content was determined by incineration in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 12 h. Gross energy was determined using an automatic oxygen bomb calorimeter (Parr Isoperibol Calorimeter 6200, Moline, Illinois, USA).
8
Soxtec Lipid Extraction Protocol
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Lipids were extracted with petroleum spirit using the Soxtec 2055 (FOSS, Hillerød, Denmark) in duplicates. The lipid extraction method was adapted from Shin et al. [9 (link)]. The sample (2.5 g) was weighted into each cellulose thimble and placed into the oven at 103 °C for 2 h. Defatted cotton was added into the thimbles before they were loaded onto the Soxtec, which was set at 135 °C. There were four basic steps in the extraction of lipids using the Soxtec. Firstly, the thimbles were lowered into boiling petroleum spirit. Next, the thimbles were lifted up so that the condensed petroleum spirit could rinse the sample. The petroleum spirit was then recovered and drained off. Lastly, the extraction cups were lifted to evaporate the rest of the petroleum spirit in the extraction cups using radiant heat. At the end of the Soxtec extraction, the extraction cups were placed into the oven at 103 °C for 30 min and then placed into the desiccator. The extracted lipids were stored at −20 °C until analysis.
9
Soxtec Extraction Method for Crude Fat
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Crude fat extraction protocol was adapted from Yeo et al. (27 (link)) using Soxtec extraction method (Soxtec™ 2055, Foss™, Denmark). Dried sample (2.5–3 g) was weighed in duplicates into individual thimbles and covered with de-fatted cotton, before oven dried at 103°C for 2 h and cooled for 30 min in a desiccator. Corresponding thimbles and sample cups were set into the apparatus with 80 ml of petroleum ether added to each sample cup. Crude fat was extracted at 135°C at a boiling time of 20 min, rinsing time of 40 min for recovery and drying time of 10 min, respectively. After extraction, sample cups were dried in an oven at 103°C for 30 min to evaporate the remaining solvent before weighing of cups and quantification of crude fat. Crude fat was stored at −80°C before derivatisation for fatty acid identification.
10
Standardized Chemical Composition Analysis
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The basic chemical composition analyses were determined on samples dried at 65 °C. Standardized methods were used to determine the nutrient concentration, performed according to the Regulation (CE) nr. 152/2009. Kjeldahl method was used for crude protein (CP) according to standard SR EN ISO 5983-2:2009 (Kjeltec 2300 Analyzer Unit, FOSS Analytical, Denmark). Crude fat (EE) was determined by extraction in organic solvents according to standard SR EN ISO 6492:2001 (Soxtec 2055—Foss Tecator, Sweden). For crude fiber (CF) the method with intermediary filtration was used according to standard SR EN ISO 6865:2002 (Fibertec 2010 System—Foss Tecator, Sweden).
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