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52 protocols using comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system

1

Comprehensive Metabolic Assessment of Mice

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Body composition was measured by MRI using an EchoMRI (Echo Medical Systems). Indirect calorimetry was performed in groups of 7–8 mice using a Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (Columbus Instruments) with free access to food and tap water. Mice were individually housed at room temperature, and a standard 12-hour light/dark cycle was maintained throughout the measurements. Mice were acclimated to the cages for a period of 48 hours before the start of 4 days of measurements at 20-minute intervals. Food intake was assessed by real-time feed weight measurements. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured, and based on this respirometry, EE as well as CHO and FA oxidation were calculated as previously described (82 (link)).
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2

Metabolic Profiling of CD36 Knockout Mice

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Four-week-old fl/fl CD36 and EC CD36° mice were housed and maintained in metabolic cages. Following a 24-h acclimatization period, the mice were monitored over a 12 h light:12 h dark cycle (0600–1800 light) with ad libitum access to food (normal chow) and water. Indirect calorimetry was performed using the Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (Columbus Instruments). The respiratory exchange ratio (RER), calculated as the ratio of carbon dioxide to oxygen production, was used to calculate the percent contribution of fat (RER = 0.7) and carbohydrates (RER = 1) to whole body energy metabolism. Total activity of the mice was calculated by adding Z counts (rearing or jumping) to total counts associated with stereotypical behavior (grooming and scratching) and ambulatory movement. Data were analyzed using the web-based tool CalR (RRID:SCR_015849) (62 (link)).
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3

Metabolic Profiling of Mice

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Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), RER, energy expenditure, and food intake were measured using a Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA). The mice were housed individually in metabolic cages with access to food and water ad libitum. After the mice were acclimatized to the metabolic cages for 24 h, data were recorded at intervals of 6 min, and the mice were monitored for 24 h. The O2 and CO2 contents in sample air from individual cages were evaluated using sensors. VO2 was calculated as the difference between the input oxygen flow and the output oxygen flow. The VO2 and VCO2 values were used to calculate the RER and heat production.
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4

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling of Mice

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A comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH) was used to measure the metabolic gases, every 18 minutes, in a separate cohort of mice. The mice were acclimatized to cages for 24 hours, after which oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured for a further 48 hours. The mice were then treated for a further 14 days. Energy expenditure was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using body weight as a covariate (27 (link)) and as hourly averages normalized to body weight. The RER data were plotted as hourly averages and normalized to body weight. The mice kept in the comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system cages showed phenotypic changes with corticosterone treatment identical to those of the mice kept in home cages.
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5

Indirect Calorimetry for Fuel Source Analysis

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Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and energy expenditure were measured by using a Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA). Five mice per group were housed individually and assessed by indirect calorimetry over 48 h (last 2 days of the NIAAA model) and maintained at 24 °C under at 12-h:12-h light–dark cycle. An RER of 0.7 indicates that fat is the predominant fuel source, while an RER closer to 1.0 indicates that carbohydrate is the primary fuel28 (link).
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6

Metabolic Profiling of Mice in Cages

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To analyze energy expenditure, single-housed mice were placed in metabolic cages connected with a comprehensive laboratory animal-monitoring system (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH). The mice were acclimatized to respiratory chambers for 48 h, followed by recording in real time for the data of oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and food intake. For glucose and insulin tolerance tests, the mice were peritoneally injected with glucose (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) and insulin (Novolin R, Novo Nordisk Co., Bagsvaerd, Denmark) using the established techniques [20 (link)], and areas above curves were calculated for the ITT results as reported [21 (link)].
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7

Body Composition and Energy Metabolism

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Weekly body weights were collected on male and female CTL and Ldb1ΔBAT mice. Body composition was measured immediately before indirect calorimetry using noninvasive nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (EchoMRI; Echo Medical Systems) at the UAB Nutrition Obesity Research Center Small Animal Phenotyping Core. The energy expenditure (EE), food intake, and respiratory quotient were simultaneously measured using a combined indirect calorimetry system (Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System; Columbus Instruments) as previously described [11 (link),23 (link)]. O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured every 15 min to determine the respiratory quotient and energy expenditure. Home-cage locomotor activity was determined using a multidimensional infrared light-beam system.
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8

Metabolic Characterization of Mice

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Metabolic characterization of mice was performed as described previously [21 (link)]. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly on a chow diet. Energy expenditure was measured in a Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System from Columbus Instruments over a 24-hour period. Volume of oxygen and volume of carbon dioxide were normalized to body weight (n = 4 for each group).
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9

Indirect Calorimetry to Measure Respiratory Exchange Ratio

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Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and energy expenditure were measured by using a Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System (Columbus Instruments, Columbus, OH, USA). Four mice per group were housed individually and assessed by indirect calorimetry over 48 h (last 2 days of the NIAAA model) and maintained at 24 °C under at 12-h:12-h light–dark cycle. An RER of 0.7 indicates that fat is the predominant fuel source, while an RER closer to 1.0 indicates that carbohydrate is the primary fuel26 (link).
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10

Assessing Body Composition and Metabolism in Mice

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Fat mass and lean mass were assessed using a whole-body composition analyzer (EchoMRI) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system (Columbus Instruments) was used to monitor the physical activity and metabolism. Mice were placed individually in a chamber for 72 hours, wherein the first 24 hours served as an adaptive phase, and the oxygen consumption (VO2), food intake, and total movement were recorded for analysis in the following 48 hours.
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