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25 protocols using electron microscope fixative

1

Electron Microscopy Sample Preparation

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Transfected H1299 cells were fixed in electron microscope fixative (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) for 3 h at 4 °C. Samples were post-fixed in 1.0% aqueous osmium tetroxide (pH 7.4) for 2 h at 4 °C and dehydrated in a series of water/acetone mixtures progressing to 100% acetone. Cells were infiltrated in sequentially increasing concentrations of Embed 812-Araldite (SPI), and embedded in BEEM capsules. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate followed by lead citrate, and viewed with an HT7700 transmission electron microscope (HITACHI).
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2

Cytoskeleton Visualization Techniques

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Cytoskeleton changes were detected by F‐actin staining. T24 cells (5 × 104 cells/well) were seeded into 12‐well plates covered with cell slides made of high‐quality glass (WHB scientific) and treated with MH for 24 h. After fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde, cell slides were stained with FITC‐conjugated phalloidin (Yeasen) for 30 min and DAPI (Vector) for 10 min at room temperature. For F‐actin staining, tumors were frozen in OCT (Servicebio) embedding medium, and 20 μm sections were cut sequentially and mounted on superfrost plus slides. Slices were permeabilized in 3% PBST and stained with FITC‐conjugated phalloidin for 30 min and DAPI for 10 min at room temperature. Images were acquired with a laser confocal microscope (Model IX83, Olympus).
SEM was performed with a Hitachi Regulus SU8100 field emission scope using an accelerating voltage of 3 kV. T24 cells were seeded in 6‐well plates (1 × 105 cells/well) and fixed with an electron microscope fixative (Servicebio) for 24 h at 4°C. Cell morphology was observed and representative pictures were acquired during SEM imaging.
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3

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Mammary Tissue and Cells

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Two mammary gland tissue blocks (10 mm3) collected from each mouse were immediately stored in centrifuge tubes and filled with electron microscope fixative (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) for transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Gang et al., 2019 (link)). Cell samples were harvested and fixed with electron microscope fixative for TEM. Both tissue and cell samples were dehydrated with ethanol at 25°C for 15 min per step. Cells were then placed into epoxy resin acetone mixtures (Solarbio) for 2 h and then into pure resin (Solarbio) overnight at 37°C. Next, an ultramicrotome (Leica EM, Wetzlar, Germany) was used to cut ultra-thin sections, which were stained by uranyl acetate and lead citrate (1%, Solarbio) and detected using TEM (Hitachi H-7650, Tokyo, Japan).
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4

Tissue Preparation for Transmission Electron Microscopy

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The tissue block was harvested, and PBS was used to wash the blood, hair, etc. The washed tissue blocks were fixed with electron microscope fixative (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) immediately at room temperature for 2 h and then stored at 4°C. After dehydration of the graded ethanol series and then isoamyl acetate for 15 min, a carbon sticker was used to attach the specimens to a metal stub and sputter coated with gold for 30 s. Finally, images were observed and taken with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
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5

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Insect Midgut

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The midgut and the PM of S. exigua larvae injected with dsGFP and dsSeCDAV were rinsed gently with PBS (Servicebio, Wuhan, China). The midgut and PM were quickly fixed using an electron microscope fixative (Servicebio, Wuhan, China) at room temperature for 2 h and transferred to 4° for storage. The midgut was washed, and PM was used three times for 15 min each in 0.1 M PBS. The tissues were placed in 1% OsO4 for 2 h at room temperature (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA, USA) in 0.1 M PBS. The tissues were washed three times for 15 min each in 0.1 M PBS. The tissues were sequentially added to 30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% and 100% alcohol and isoamyl acetate for 15 min each time. The samples were dried with a Critical Point Dryer (K850, Quorum, UK) and sputter-coated with gold for 30 s with Lon Sputtering Apparatus (MC1000, Nikon, Japan). The tissues were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SU8100, Nikon, Japan), and the images were stored for analysis [38 (link)].
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6

Autophagy Visualization via TEM

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The observation and quantification of autophagy with a double-layer membrane structure were conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), following a previously described protocol [17 (link)]. To prepare for TEM, the cells were initially fixed in a specialized fixative solution (Electron Microscope Fixative from Servicebio Technology CO., LTD, Wuhan, China) and dehydrated using a series of acetone. Subsequently, the cells were embedded in a suitable medium, solidified, and cut into thin sections for TEM analysis by TEM HT7700 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).
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7

Ultrastructural Liver Tissue Analysis

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The liver fragments were first fixed with an electron microscope fixative (Servicebio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) at 4 °C for 2–4 h. Next, a further fixation using 1% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M PBS buffer at 20 °C for 2 h was performed. Subsequently, the fixed tissues were embedded in epon after being dehydrated using a graded ethanol series. The images were obtained under a transmission electron microscope (HITACHI, Beijing, China) after staining ultrathin sections (60 nm) with lead citrate and uranyl acetate.
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8

TEM Analysis of Ferroptosis Cell Morphology

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TEM was conducted for the direct observation of cell morphology during ferroptosis. After treatment, MHCC‐97H cells were washed with PBS twice and collected by centrifugation. Cells were resuspended in Electron Microscope Fixative (G1102, Servicebio) and fixed overnight. After washing with PBS, cells were fixed by 1% OsO4 for 2 h, followed by dehydration using ethanol and acetone series. After being embedded in epoxy resin, the samples were cut into sections of 50 nm and stained with lead citrate. Pictures were examined using a transmission electron microscope (HT7800, Hitachi).
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9

Ultrastructural Observation of Cells

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Cells were fixed with the Electron Microscope Fixative (Servicebio Technology CO., LTD, Wuhan, China) for 2 h. The fixed samples were dehydrated with a series of acetone, embedded and solidified. Ultrathin sections (50 nm) were prepared and carefully placed on the support membrane. The intracellular structures were observed using TEM HT7700 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).
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10

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Cells

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After intervention, the medium was removed from the cells and the electron microscope fixative (Servicebio) was added and incubated for 15 minutes. The cells were scraped into a centrifuge tube, fixed using osmic acid at 4°C for 12 hours, and then dehydrated. After a series of steps, such as infiltration, embedding, sectioning, and uranium-lead double staining, we observed the cells using a transmission electron microscope (Tecnai G2 20 TWIN, FEI, Karlsruhe, Germany).
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