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54 protocols using cd11c n418

1

Isolation of Lamina Propria Immune Cells

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Colons were dissected, washed with ice-cold PBS and cut into small pieces. Colons pieces were incubated with PBS containing 1 mM DTT, 5 mM EDTA and 10 mM HEPES at 37°C for 30 min with gentle shaking to remove the epithelial layer. The colon segments were further digested in RPMI medium containing 0.5 mg/ml collagenase D at 37°C for 1.5 hr. The supernatant was passed through 70 µm cell strainer and enriched by 37.5% Percoll to isolate lamina propria cells.
The following monoclonal antibodies were used for flow cytometry: CD4 (RM4–5; 14–0042–85), CD11b (M1/70; 48–0112-82) and CD8a (53-6.7; 48–0081–82) from Affymetrix eBioscience, CD19 (6D5; 115512), NK1.1 (PK136; 108708), CD11c (N418; 117306), Gr1 (RB6–8C5; 108426) and F4/80 (BM8; 123109) from BioLegend. The dilution factor for all antibodies was 1:300. The following gating strategies were used: B cells were gated as live cells and CD19+. CD4+ T cells were gated as live cells, CD4+ and CD8. CD8+ T cells were gated as live cells, CD8+ and CD4. NK cells were gated as live cells and NK1.1+. Macrophages were gated as live cells, CD11b+, Gr1low-neg, F4/80+ and CD11c. Neutrophils were gated as live cells, CD11b+ and Gr1hi. CD11b+CD11c+ cells were gated as live cells, CD11b+, Gr1low-neg, CD11c+ and F4/80. Flow cytometry data were acquired on a BD FACSCalibur and analysed using TreeStar FlowJo software.
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2

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling by Flow Cytometry

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Samples were blocked with 2% normal mouse serum or mouse Fc block (2.4G2, BD Biosciences). Fixable yellow (Invitrogen, L34959) was used to stain live/dead cells. Anti-mouse antibodies used were CD45.2 (104, Tonbo Biosciences), CD3 (500A2, BD Bioscience), TCRβ (H57–597, eBioscience), CD8 (53-6.7, BioLegend), CD4 (GK1.5, BioLegend), FoxP3 (FJK-16S, eBioscience), Ly6C (HK1–4, BioLegend), CD11b (M1/70, BioLegend), F4/80 (BM8, eBioscience), MHC II (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), CD11c (N418, BioLegend), NK1.1 (PK136, BD Biosciences), IFNγ (XMG1.2, Tonbo Biosciences), H-2Db (28-14-8, eBioscience), H-2Kb (AF6–88.5.5.3, eBioscience), PD-1 (29 F.1A12, BioLegend), and PD-L1 (MIH5, eBioscience). Fluorescence was measured on BD LSR FortessaTM X-20 or BD FACSymphonyTM flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia) and data analysed using FlowJo, LLC software.
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3

Multicolor Flow Cytometry Analysis

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The following antibodies were used: I-Ab (AF6–120.1), CD11c (HL3), CD86 (GL1), from BD Biosciences (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); CD19 (6D5), CD3 (145–2C11), and CD11c (N418) from Biolegend. Cells were Fc blocked for 20 min on ice, and then, surface markers were stained by incubation for 30 min with antibodies in 2% FBS in PBS 1x on ice. Cells were analyzed using FACSCantoII (BD Biosciences) and BD FACSDIVA software (BD Biosciences). Dead cells were excluded by staining with Fixable Viability Dye eFluor 780 (eBioscience). Data were analyzed using FLOWJO software (version X, Tree Star).
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4

Lung Tissue Histopathological Analysis

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Freshly isolated left lung (pulmo sinister) were fixed with 4% formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and cut in 5-μm-thick sections. TUNEL stain (Promega) was performed according to manufacturer's protocol. For eosin and haematoxylin staining, deparaffinised, rehydrated slides were stained for 4 min with haematoxylin (Morphisto), rinsed for 4 min with tap water, stained for 30 s with eosin Y (Sigma-Aldrich), and finished by dehydration with ethanol and xylol. For immunofluorescence, lungs were deparaffinised and rehydrated; target retrieval was performed using Dako target retrieval solution. Sections were blocked with 2% bovine serum albumin, 0.5% fish gelatin, and 0.3% Tween-20 for 90 min, followed by blocking with mouse-on-mouse IgG blocking solution (Thermo Fisher), if anti-Nsp9 was used. Primary antibodies were Nsp9 (2C6.H1; Thermo Fisher), cleaved caspase 3 (5A1E; Cell Signaling), CD68 (FA-11; Bio-Rad), and CD11c (N418; BioLegend). Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C and corresponding secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature. All images were scanned on an automated tissue FACS microscopy stage on an Observer Z1 microscope at ×20 magnification (NA 0.5). Automated analysis was performed with CellProfiler [22 (link)].
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5

Multicolor Flow Cytometric Analysis

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For detection and analysis, the following antibodies/clones were used: FcɛR1a (MAR-1; BioLegend); CD117 (2B8; BioLegend); CD45 (30-F11; BioLegend), β7 integrin (M293; BD Biosciences); CD11b (M1/70; BioLegend); CD11c (N418; BioLegend); CD4 (GK1.5; BioLegend); CD8 (53–6.7; BioLegend); CD103 (2E7; BioLegend); EPCAM (G8.8; BioLegend); Thy1.2 (53–2.1; BioLegend); CD31 (390; eBioscience); TGF-β1 (Tw7-16B4; BioLegend); and mMCP-1 (RF6.1; eBioscience). Anti-mMCP-1 and isotype control were conjugated in parallel to Alexa Fluor 647 using a conjugation kit (Life Technologies). Intracellular staining was conducted using a BD Cytofix/Cytoperm kit (BD Bioscience), according to the manufacturer-supplied protocol. For flow cytometry, the cells were collected and stained for surface markers for 45 min before fixation. Intracellular mMCP-1 staining was conducted overnight at 4°C. All cell sorting was on a BD FACSAria Fusion cell sorter using BD FACSDiva software. For all flow cytometry not involving cell sorting, data were collected on a BD LSRII Fortessa or BD CANTO-II using BD FACSDiva software. All downstream data analysis was conducted in FlowJo.
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6

Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Analysis

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Single-cell suspensions from spleens were stained with the Live/Dead Cell Viability assay (Invitrogen), and cell surface markers were stained with the following anti-mouse antibodies at 1:200 dilution per 106 cells: Ly6C (AL-21; BD Biosciences), Ly6G (1A8; BD Biosciences), B220 (RA3-6B2; BioLegend), CD11B (M1/70; BioLegend), TCRb (H57-597; BioLegend), CD11C (N418; BioLegend), and CD45 (30.F11; eBioscience). All samples were analyzed using a FACS Fortessa cytometer (BD Biosciences).
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7

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Migratory DCs

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C57BL/6J mice were vaccinated intradermally at the right flank with either Alexa Fluor 647-labeled OVA (OVA-647, 10 µg) alone or OVA-647 (10 µg) + heat-iMVA (an equivalent of 107 pfu) in a volume 100 µl PBS. Skin draining lymph nodes (dLNs) at the right inguinal area were harvested at 24 h post injection, digested with Collagenase D (400 U/ml, Roche Diagnostics) and DNase I (50 μg/ml, Roche Diagnostics), and analyzed by flow cytometry for OVA-647 intensities and CD86 expression of the migratory DC and resident DC populations in the skin dLNs. The antigens and clone designations for the antibodies are as follows: BioLegend: CD11c (N418, cat# 117320), CD11b (M1/70, cat# 101226), MHC-II (M5/114.15.2, cat# 107645), CD3e (145-2C11, cat# 100341), CD8a (53-6.7, cat# 140418); BD Biosciences: CD19 (1D3, cat# 562701), CD49b (DX5, cat# 563063), Thermo Fisher: CD16/CD32 (93, cat# 13-0161-82), CD103 (2E7, cat# 11-1031-82), CD207 (eBioL31, cat# 12-2075-82), and TER-119 (TER-119, cat# 48-5921-82). All antibodies were used at 1:200. Cells were analyzed on the BD LSR Fortessa or LSR II flow cytometer and data were analyzed with FlowJo software (version 10.5.3).
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8

Phenotypic Characterization of BMDCs

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BMDCs were labeled with CD11b (M1/70; BioLegend) and CD11c (N418; BioLegend) antibodies after blocking Fc receptors using anti-CD16/32 mAb (clone 93; BioLegend). FACS buffer was used to stain and wash the cells. Data on the fungal cells and BMDCs were acquired using a BD FACSCalibur (BD Bioscience) and a BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer (BD Bioscience), respectively. Data were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc.).
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9

Phenotyping of Murine and Human Myeloid Cells

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Flow cytometry was used to determine the phenotypes of human and mouse MDSCs, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Cells were incubated with live/dead stain (Zombie Aqua™ Fixable Viability Kit; BioLgend Cat. 432102) and Fc block (BioLegend Cat. 101302). Cells were then washed and stained for using various combinations of the following fluorochrome-conjugated mAbs: anti-human HLA-DR (L243), CD11b (ICRF44), CD33 (P67.6), CD15 (HI98), CD14 (63D3), and anti-mouse Gr-1 (RB6-8C5), CD11b (M1/70), Ly6G (1A8), Ly6C (HK1.4), F4/80 (BM8), CD86 (BU63), MHC-II (39-10-8), and CD11c (N418) from Biolegend (San Diego, USA). For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Kit (eBioscience Cat. 00-5523-00) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Cells were stained intracellularly with anti-CD206 (C068C2) antibody. All samples were detected on FACSCalibur (BD, California, USA) and analyzed by FlowJo software (version 10.0.7). Isotype-matched antibodies were used with all the samples as controls.
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10

Flow Cytometry Analysis of SVF

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The SVF of WAT was incubated with Fc blocker (Biolegend) and then stained with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies against CD11b (M1/70), CD45 (30-F11), ST2 (DIH9), CD206 (C068C2), CD11c (N418) (Biolegend), and F4/80 (T45-2342) (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) or corresponding isotypic antibodies in dark at 4 °C for 30 min. Dead cells were excluded by staining with Zombie UV Fixable Viability dye (Biolegend). Data were acquired on Aria III (BD Biosciences) or CytoFLEX (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA) and analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star) or CytExpert (Beckman Coulter).
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