Rifabutin

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Rifabutin is a synthetic antibacterial agent used in the laboratory setting. It functions as a rifamycin antibiotic, inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis.

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Lab products found in correlation

15 protocols using rifabutin

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Lactobacillus

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Double-layer disc diffusion was used to determine the susceptibility to metronidazole (5μg), clindamycin (2μg), penicillin (2μg) and amoxicillin (10μg; Davies Diagnostics, South Africa), as described previously [58 (link)]. These experiments were performed in duplicate. For rifampicin and rifabutin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA), minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using two-fold serial dilutions according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) 2019 guidelines, with concentrations ranging from 5–0.00488μg/mL for rifabutin and 25–0.024μg/mL for rifampicin. MICs below the lowest or above the highest concentration tested were assigned a MIC half of the lowest or twice the highest concentration tested, respectively. Experiments were performed in duplicate. For a subset of Lactobacillus strains (n = 20), broader antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined using Sensititre GPALL1F plates (including ampicillin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, daptomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, oxacillin, penicillin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, rifampin, streptomycin, tetracycline, tigecycline, trimethoprim/sulamethoxazole and vancomycin; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Happel A.U., Kullin B., Gamieldien H., Wentzel N., Zauchenberger C.Z., Jaspan H.B., Dabee S., Barnabas S.L., Jaumdally S.Z., Dietrich J., Gray G., Bekker L.G., Froissart R, & Passmore J.A. (2020). Exploring potential of vaginal Lactobacillus isolates from South African women for enhancing treatment for bacterial vaginosis. PLoS Pathogens, 16(6), e1008559.

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Reagents and Chemicals for Research

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9-Aminoacridine (9-AA) was purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), hematoxylin and
eosin stains, all high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade
solvents, and the Superfrost Plus slides were purchased from the Fisher
Scientific Company. Rifampin was purchased from Gold Biotechnology.
Kanamycin sulfate was purchased from Fisher Scientific. Rifapentine
and rifabutin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Bedaquiline was provided
by Janssen Research and Development.

Wang N., Sarathy J.P., Zimmerman M., Kaya F., Wang H., Dartois V, & Carter C.L. (2021). On-Slide Heat Sterilization Enables Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Tissue Infected with High-Threat Pathogens Outside of Biocontainment: A Study Directed at Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 32(11), 2664-2674.

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MIC Evaluation of Antimicrobials

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The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the following antimicrobial agents were tested: clarithromycin (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA), amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, levofloxacin, rifabutin, and furazolidone (all from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA).

Choi Y.I., Jeong S.H., Chung J.W., Park D.K., Kim K.O., Kwon K.A., Kim Y.J., So S., Lee J.H., Jeong J.Y, & Lee S.M. (2019). Rifabutin and Furazolidone Could Be the Candidates of the Rescue Regimen for Antibiotic-Resistant H. pylori in Korea. The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology = Journal Canadien des Maladies Infectieuses et de la Microbiologie Médicale, 2019, 9351801.

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Preparation of TB Drug Compounds

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Moxifloxacin and linezolid were purchased from Sequoia Research Products (Pangbourne, United Kingdom), while rifapentine, rifabutin, pyrazinamide, clofazimine, and isoniazid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (MO, USA). Rifampin was purchased from Gold Biotechnology (MO, USA). Kanamycin sulfate was purchased from Fisher Scientific (NH, USA). Stock solutions for all compounds except kanamycin were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and stored at 4°C. Kanamycin solution was prepared in water. Rifalazil was synthetized by Bioduro (CA, USA). Bedaquiline was provided by Janssen Research and Development (NJ, USA).

Sarathy J.P., Via L.E., Weiner D., Blanc L., Boshoff H., Eugenin E.A., Barry CE I.I.I, & Dartois V.A. (2018). Extreme Drug Tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Caseum. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 62(2), e02266-17.

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Novel Tuberculosis Drug Evaluation Protocol

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Moxifloxacin and linezolid were purchased from Sequoia Research Products (Berkshire, UK) while rifapentine, rifabutin, pyrazinamide, sutezolid, and clofazimine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Rifampicin and levofloxacin were purchased from Gold Biotechnology (St. Louis, MO) and ChemImpex Intl Inc. (Wood Dale, IL), respectively. Kanamycin sulfate, gatifloxacin, and ethambutol dihydrochloride were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Hampton, NH). Pretomanid was obtained from BioDuro (San Diego, CA). Bedaquiline was provided by Janssen Research and Development (Raritan, NJ). TBAJ876 and TBAJ587 were provided by the TB Alliance (Pretoria, South Africa). SQ109 was provided by Sequella, Inc. (Rockville, MD). Oleic acid (OA) and stearic acid (SA) were obtained from MP Biomedicals (Irvine, CA) and Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA), respectively. Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878 and gamma-irradiated whole HN878 cells were obtained from BEI Resources (Manassas, VA). The human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA).

Sarathy J.P., Xie M., Jones R.M., Chang A., Osiecki P., Weiner D., Tsao W.S., Dougher M., Blanc L., Fotouhi N., Via L.E., Barry CE I.I.I., De Vlaminck I., Sherman D.R, & Dartois V.A. (2023). A Novel Tool to Identify Bactericidal Compounds against Vulnerable Targets in Drug-Tolerant M. tuberculosis found in Caseum. mBio, 14(2), e00598-23.

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Antimicrobial Compounds for Research

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Clarithromycin (CLA), rifabutin (RFB), rifapentine (RFP), rifalazil (RFL), rifampicin (RIF), and moxifloxacin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Tigecycline (TGC) and bedaquiline (BDQ) were bought from Adooq Bioscience (Irvine, CA).

Nguyen T.Q., Heo B.E., Park Y., Jeon S., Choudhary A., Moon C, & Jang J. (2023). CRISPR Interference-Based Inhibition of MAB_0055c Expression Alters Drug Sensitivity in Mycobacterium abscessus. Microbiology Spectrum, 11(3), e00631-23.

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Melanoma Cell Culture and Inhibitors

Cited 2 times

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Culture conditions and the cell lines have been previously described [12] (link). The B16-BL6 murine melanoma cell line was provided by Dr. Andrew Hurwitz [24] (link). Human cell lines were obtained from the ATCC, (Manassas, VA) (including MALME-M3, MM96L, A375, 453A, MM455, Roth, H59-44T, Mel-Juso, JURKAT), or from a patient at the Massashusetts General Hospital (MU89 and MU-X (derived from MU89 as previously described [6] (link), [11] (link)). Construction and culture of the J.RT3-T3.5 cell line expressing a Melan-A/MART-1 specific TCR has been described [15] (link). IFN-β-1a (Avonex) was obtained from Biogen-Idec (Cambridge, MA). The iHsp90s were obtained from the following sources: Radicicol (A.G. Scientific, San Diego, CA); Novobiocin (BioMol, Plymouth Meeting, PA); 17-DMAG (LC laboratories, Woburn, MA); 17-AEP (InVivoGen, San Diego, CA); Rifabutin, PU-H71, and 17-AAG (Sigma, St. Louis, MO); Gedunin, CCT018159, and celastrol (Tocris, Ellisville, MO); and NVP-AUY922 and BIIB021 (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX).

Haggerty T.J., Dunn I.S., Rose L.B., Newton E.E., Pandolfi F, & Kurnick J.T. (2014). Heat Shock Protein-90 Inhibitors Enhance Antigen Expression on Melanomas and Increase T Cell Recognition of Tumor Cells. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e114506.

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Preparation and Storage of Rifamycin Compounds

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All chemicals and solvents were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, NJ, USA) if not mentioned otherwise and were at least spectrophotometric grade. Rifampin, rifabutin, rifaximin and rifamycin SV were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), rifapentine was kindly provided from Sanofi Aventis (Gentilly Cedex, France) and rifalazil from ActivBiotics Pharma, LLC (Tucker, GA, USA). Stock solutions of the drugs were prepared in DMSO or ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and stored at −80°C.

Staudinger T., Redl B, & Glasgow B.J. (2014). Antibacterial Activity of Rifamycins for M. Smegmatis with Comparison of Oxidation and Binding to Tear Lipocalin. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1844(4), 750-758.

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Quantitative Bioanalysis of Anti-TB Drugs

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Isoniazid (INH), acetylIsoniazid (acINH), rifampicin (RMP), pyrazinamide (PZA), ethambutol (EMB), rifabutin (RFB), levofloxacin (LFX) and moxifloxacin (MFX) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Bornem, Belgium), linezolid (LZD) from Pfizer (Brussels, Belgium) and bedaquiline (BDQ) from Ambeed (Arlington, USA). The physicochemical properties and the structures of the drugs are presented in Table 1 and Fig. 1, respectively. Isoniazid-d 4 (internal standard [IS] for INH and acINH), rifampicin-d 8 , pyrazinamide-13 C 2 -15 N 2 , ethambutol-d 4 , rifabutin-d 6 , levofloxacin-13 C 1 -d 3 , moxifloxacin-d 5 , linezolid-d 8 and bedaquiline-d 6 , used as IS, were obtained from Alsachim (Illkirch Graffenstaden, France). Acetonitrile, methanol and formic acid 99% were obtained from Biosolve B.V. (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands) and ammonium formate 99% from MerckMillipore (Brussels, Belgium). All chemicals were mass spectrometry-grade. Ultrapure water was obtained by means of a Milli-Q water purification system (MerckMillipore, Brussels, Belgium). Drug-free human heparinized plasma was provided by CHU Saint-Pierre (Brussels, Belgium) and was stored at -80 • C.

Fage D., Brilleman R., Deprez G., Payen M.C, & Cotton F. (2022). Development, validation and clinical use of a LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of the nine main antituberculosis drugs in human plasma. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, 215.

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Evaluating Epigenetic Modulation in Cell Cultures

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McCoy's 5A medium, RPMI-1640 medium, DMEM medium, L-glutamine, sodium pyruvate and antibiotic-antimycotic (penicillin G, streptomycin and amphotericin B) were purchased from Life Technologies. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Biological Industries. Acetyl histones H3 and H4 antibodies were purchased from MerckMillipore. Topoisomerases I (TOP1), IIA (TOP2A) and IIB (TOP2B), and GAPDH antibodies were purchased from GeneTex. Horseradish peroxidase-labelled goat anti-rabbit and anti-mouse secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch. KM-00927 was purchased from MolPort. Mitomycin C was purchased from APExBio. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) was purchased from Cayman. Rifabutin, DMSO and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma. Protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktails were purchased from Roche.

Liu T.P., Hsieh Y.Y., Chou C.J, & Yang P.M. (2018). Systematic polypharmacology and drug repurposing via an integrated L1000-based Connectivity Map database mining. Royal Society Open Science, 5(11), 181321.

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