Spss 25.0 windows

Data were analyzed with the statistical software SPSS 25.0 (Windows, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Continuous variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, and categorical as percentages. After performing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test to assess normality, all the variables showed a normal distribution, so parametric statistics were used. To establish an association between categorical variables, the chi-square test was used. To establish differences between the four groups (high strength-normal weight; high strength-overweight/obese; low strength-normal weight; low strength-overweight/obese), a one-factor ANOVA test (type of nutritional status and strength) was used, as well as a post hoc analysis (Bonferroni) to determine differences between the groups. The level of significance was set as p < 0.05.

Differences in characteristics between participants and dropouts were tested by an independent samples t-test. Cam morphology presence and size was described per hip. The cross-sectional association between the variables NSA, EE, LCEA and internal rotation and cam morphology presence and size were analyzed and calculated by a logistic regression at all three time-points. This resulted in the analysis of 178 hips at baseline, 126 hips at 2.5-year follow-up and 98 hips at 5-year follow-up. By using logistic regression in a ‘Generalized Estimated Equations’ (GEE) model, we could model the correlations that existed within a person regarding side. The analyzes were corrected for age and body mass index (BMI). For the associations between NSA, LCEA, internal rotation and cam morphology, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval are presented per degree difference. For the EE, the OR and 95% confidence interval are presented for increments of 0.01. The NSA, EE, LCEA and internal rotation were studied in a longitudinal design to observe if there were any differences in these values at baseline between football players that did or did not develop cam morphology, using a GEE model with logistic links function, adjusted for age and BMI. The unadjusted data are presented in a sensitivity analysis (Supplemental Table 1). SPSS25.0 (Windows) was used for statistical evaluation.