Muscimol

Manufactured by MP Biomedicals

Sourced in Canada

Muscimol is a chemical compound commonly used as a research tool in scientific laboratories. It is a naturally occurring substance derived from certain species of mushrooms. Muscimol functions as a potent agonist of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, making it a valuable tool for studying the GABA system and related neurological processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Polybead, by Polysciences (3 mentions) Anti mouse asc and caspase 1 antibodies, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Anti mouse and human il 1β antibodies, by R&D Systems (1 mentions) Anti phosphotyrosine antibody, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Adenosine triphosphate (atp), by Cytiva (1 mentions) Mouse monoclonal anti β actin antibody, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Biotin conjugated anti mouse and rabbit secondary antibodies, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Carbamoylcholine chloride carbachol, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Pnu 120596, by Alomone (1 mentions) Rjr 2403 oxalate, by Alomone (1 mentions) Hexafluoro 2 propanol hfip, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dihydro β erythroidine hydrobromide dhβe, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)

5 protocols using muscimol

Inflammasome Activation Reagents and Antibodies

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LPS, isoamyl alcohol, 2-methylbutane, picrotoxin, 3-(2-Carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid, sodium orthovanadate, and monoclonal anti-mouse β-actin antibodies were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Anti-mouse ASC and caspase-1 antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX), anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA), anti-mouse and human IL-1β antibodies from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN), and anti-human caspase-1 antibodies from BIOMOL International LP (Plymouth Meeting, PA). Recombinant mature mouse IL-1β was also purchased from R&D Systems. Biotin conjugated anti- mouse and rabbit secondary antibodies were from GE Healthcare UK Limited (Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK) and anti-goat IgG from Jackson ImmunoResearch (West Grove, PA). For inflammasome stimulation, ATP, nigericin, alum Imject, apoSAA, poly (dA:dT), and anthrax lethal factor and protective antigen were purchased from Amersham Biosciences (Piscatawy, NJ), Invivogen (San Diego, CA), Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA), PeproTech Inc. (Rocky Hill, NJ), Invivogen, and BEI Resources (Manassas, VA), respectively. Muscimol was acquired from MP Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA), and ethanol from Pharmco AAPER (Brookfield, CT). ASC (Tyr144) phospho-specific antibody was purchased from ECM Biosciences (Versailles, KY).

Hoyt L.R., Ather J.L., Randall M.J., DePuccio D.P., Landry C.C., Wewers M.D., Gavrilin M.A, & Poynter M.E. (2016). Ethanol and Other Short-Chain Alcohols Inhibit NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Stimulation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 197(4), 1322-1334.

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FRAP Analysis of Synaptic Proteins

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The akIs201[Prig-3::SEP::GFP::mCherry::glr-1], utrIs51[Prig-3::SEP::GFP::mCherry::glr-1(4KR)] and msi-1(os1); akIs201[Prig-3::SEP::GFP::mCherry::glr-1] strains were used to conduct FRAP on adult animals at Day 1 and Day 3. Animals were immobilized with 3 μl of a mixture containing equal measures of polystyrene beads (Polybead, catalog #00876-15, Polysciences) and 30 mM muscimol (catalog #195336, MP Biomedicals) on 7% agarose pads. A prebleached image stack was acquired using the 488 and 552 nm laser. Bleaching of the ROI was done with 488 and 552 nm laser using four iterations (∼1 s total illumination) at 100% laser energy. The imaging region was photobleached, and immediately after, one image stack (with 488 and 552 nm excitation) was acquired for the 0 min timepoint. This was repeated at 2, 4, 6, and 8 min following the photobleaching of the imaging region. The recorded images were processed using FIJI to generate maximal projection. The signal intensities were manually quantified by drawing ROIs around the bleached spot. To compensate for the photobleaching over the time period, the recovery fluorescence signal at the bleached spot was normalized with the signal from a nonbleached area within the image. The same regions were used to quantify the membrane-bound (SEP::GFP) and total GLR-1 (mCherry) FRAP signals.

Gharat V., Peter F., de Quervain D.J., Papassotiropoulos A, & Stetak A. (2024). Role of GLR-1 in Age-Dependent Short-Term Memory Decline. eNeuro, 11(4), ENEURO.0420-23.2024.

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Soluble Aβ42 oligomer preparation and use

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Soluble Aβ42 oligomers were prepared as previously described (Stine et al., 2003 (link)). 1mg of lyophilized human Ab42 (Anaspec, Fremont, CA) was dissolved in 1mL of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) to prevent aggregation, portioned into 10μg aliquots, air-dried and stored at −80°C. For use in experiments, an aliquot was thawed at room temperature, and then dissolved in DMSO and PBS to make a 100μM solution. The solution was incubated for 16 hours at 4°C and then diluted to a final concentration for use in experiments. The following antagonists were used in this study: 50nM α-Bungarotoxin (αBTx) (Alomone labs, Jerusalem, Israel), 1μM Dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide (DHβE) (Tocris Bioscience, Bristol, UK), and 3μM α-Conotoxin AuIB (Alomone labs). The following agonists were used in this study: 25nM Muscimol (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA), 1μM PNU-120596 (Alomone labs), 2μM RJR-2403 Oxalate (Alomone labs), and 1μM Carbamoylcholine chloride (carbachol) (Tocris Bioscience).

Sun J.L., Stokoe S.A., Roberts J.P., Sathler M.F., Nip K.A., Shou J., Ko K., Tsunoda S, & Kim S. (2019). Co-activation of selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors is required to reverse beta amyloid-induced Ca2+ hyperexcitation. Neurobiology of aging, 84, 166-177.

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Immobilizing Hermaphrodite Worms for Imaging

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One-day-old adult hermaphrodites were mounted for imaging by placing a single worm on an agar pad (10% agarose dissolved in M9 buffer) on a microscope slide with 1.6 µL of a solution containing equal measures of polystyrene beads (Polybead, Cat# 00876-15, Polysciences Inc) and 30 mM muscimol (Cat# 195336, MP Biomedicals). Once the muscimol slowed worm movement (~5 min), a coverslip was dropped onto the agar pad, physically restraining the worm. The worm’s orientation was manually adjusted by sliding the coverslip to reorient the positioning of the AVA interneurons for imaging (Doser et al., 2023 (link)).

Doser R.L., Knight K.M., Deihl E.W, & Hoerndli F.J. (2024). Activity-dependent mitochondrial ROS signaling regulates recruitment of glutamate receptors to synapses. eLife, 13, e92376.

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Visualizing Neuronal Transport Dynamics

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All transport imaging was conducted on strains containing akIs201 in the glr-1 null background (ky176). One-day-old adults from these strains were mounted on a 10% agarose pad with 1.6 µL of a mixture containing equal measures of polystyrene beads (Polybead, Polysciences Inc.) and 30 mM muscimol (MP Biomedicals). The worm was positioned to allow for the AVA interneuron to be in close proximity to the coverslip through which the AVA neurite would be imaged. Once the AVA was located using the 100x objective and a 561 nm excitation laser, a proximal section of the AVA was photobleached using a 3 W, 488 nm Coherent solid-state laser (Genesis MX MTM) set to 0.5 W output and a 1 s pulse time. The photobleaching laser was targeted to a defined portion of AVA using a Mosaic II digital mirror device (Andor Mosaic 3) controlled through MetaMorph. Immediately following photobleaching, a 500-frame image stream was collected in a single z-plane with the 561 nm excitation laser with a 100 ms exposure time. Kymographs were generated using the Kymograph tool in MetaMorph with a 20 pixel line width as previously reported (Hoerndli et al., 2013) .
Transport quantification, stops and velocities were analyzed using the ImageJ plugin KymoAnalyzer (Neumann et al., 2017) .

Doser R.L., Amberg G.C., & Hoerndli F.J. (2020). Reactive Oxygen Species Modulate Activity-Dependent AMPA Receptor Transport inC. elegans.

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