Methadone hydrochloride (≥ 98%), EDDP perchlorate (≥ 98%), EMDP hydrochloride solution (1.0 mg/ml), Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Trizma® base), ammonium formate and fibronectin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Methadone and metabolites were ordered under the opium exemption license number 104783 03 WCO, which is registered at Farmatec (executive organization of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, The Hague, The Netherlands). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.7%) was obtained from Merck (Schiphol-Rijk, The Netherlands). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Gibco (Paisley, Scotland, UK). Acetonitrile (UPLC/MS grade) was obtained from Biosolve BV (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). hiPSC-CM (Pluricyte® Cardiomyocytes, cat# PCMI-1031-1, lot# 60151) and Pluricyte® Cardiomyocyte medium were obtained from Ncardia (Leiden, The Netherlands). Pooled human liver microsomes (from 150 donors), pooled human intestinal microsomes (from 7 donors) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) regenerating system solution A and solution B were purchased from Corning (Woburn, MA, USA). Pooled human plasma and rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED) materials, including RED inserts, RED base plates and sealing tape were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bleiswijk, The Netherlands).
Methadone hydrochloride
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States
Methadone hydrochloride is a synthetic opioid compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a white, crystalline powder with a melting point of approximately 235-240°C. Methadone hydrochloride is soluble in water, alcohol, and other polar solvents. It is commonly used in various analytical and research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Buprenorphine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Oxycodone hydrochloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Heparin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Buprenorphine hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Morphine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Naltrexone hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fentanyl citrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Naloxone hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions)
Morphine sulfate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Naloxone hydrochloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fibronectin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile uplc ms grade, by Biosolve (1 mentions)
Pooled human liver microsomes from 150 donors, by Corning (1 mentions)
Red insert, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ammonium formate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trizma base, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Clonidine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
18 protocols using methadone hydrochloride
1
Methadone Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics
2
Opioid Drug Preparation Protocol
3
Purification and Characterization of Mitragynine
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Morphine hydrochloride, methadone hydrochloride, and buprenorphine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co. (USA). Mitragynine was extracted, isolated, and verified from fresh leaves of M. speciosa at the Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia as described previously (34 (link)). Purified mitragynine was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) (400 MHz) analysis (35 (link)). Mitragynine obtained by this procedure was approximately 98% pure (36 (link)). Mitragynine was dissolved in 20% of Tween 80 as vehicle. Fresh stocks of morphine, methadone, buprenorphine, and mitragynine were prepared daily according to the weight of animals in the experimental design. They were dissolved in vehicle (20% Tween 80; Sigma Aldrich, UK) and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.).
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Mitragynine
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Methadone hydrochloride, buprenorphine hydrochloride and clonidine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma Chemicals Co. (United States). Mitragynine was extracted, isolated and verified from fresh leaves of Mitragyna speciosa at the Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia as described previously (Utar et al., 2011 (link)). Purified mitragynine was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) (400 MHz) analysis (Jamil et al., 2013 (link)). Mitragynine obtained by this procedure was approximately 98% pure (Hassan et al., 2019 (link)). Fresh stocks of methadone, buprenorphine, mitragynine and clonidine were prepared daily according to the weight of animals in the experimental design. They were dissolved in vehicle (20% (v/v) Tween 80 which was diluted with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl); Sigma Aldrich, United Kingdom) and injected intraperitoneally (i.p.).
5
Opioid Pharmacology Protocols
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All drugs were freshly dissolved in saline on a constant volume of 10 ml/kg and administered as mg/kg. Morphine hydrochloride, methadone hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate, tramadol hydrochloride, naltrexone hydrochloride, naltrindole hydrochloride and nor-BNI dihydrochloride were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co, USA. Doses were expressed on the basis of the salts.
6
Cardiac Electrophysiology Pharmacology
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The following drugs and solvent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: buprenorphine hydrochloride (B9275, USDEA C-III), (±)-methadone hydrochloride (M0267, USDEA C-II), naltrexone hydrochloride (N3136), and DMSO (D8418). Naloxone hydrochloride (0599), (±)-verapamil hydrochloride (0654), E-4031 dihydrochloride (1808), and tetrodotoxin citrate or TTX (1069) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. Norbuprenorphine hydrochloride was purchased from Noramco. ATX-II (STA-700) was purchased from Alomone Labs. To make stock solutions for patch clamp experiments, TTX, verapamil, E-4031, ATX-II, naloxone, and naltrexone were dissolved in water. Buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, and methadone were dissolved in DMSO. When DMSO was used as a solvent to prepare stock solution, the final DMSO concentration applied to overexpression cells was ≤0.3% for CaV1.2 cells and ≤0.1% for the rest. In iPSC-CM experiments, stock solutions were all made with DMSO, and the final DMSO concentration applied to the cells was ≤0.1%. Aliquoted stock solutions were stored at -20°C until the day of experimentation and were thawed, vortexed, and diluted to specific test concentrations in extracellular solution.
7
Opioid Receptor Ligands Profiling
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DAMGO was supplied by Tocris Bioscience (Avonmouth, UK), morphine hydrochloride by Macfarlan Smith (Edinburgh, UK) and was a kind gift from Graeme Henderson Bristol, UK). Methadone hydrochloride and oxycodone hydrochloride were supplied by Sigma Aldrich, (Gillingham, Dorset, UK and tianeptine sodium salt, oliceridine hydrochloride and SR‐17018 by Adooq (Irvine, CA, USA).
8
Quantification of Nicotine, Methamphetamine, and Methadone
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Nicotine, methamphetamine hydrochloride, and methadone hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol were purchased from Wizard Labs (Altamonte Springs, FL). The Kangertech replaceable atomizers were purchased from Discount Vapers (Oakville, CT), the AeroTank Clearomizer from My Vapor Store (Panama City, FL), and the e-go V v2 variable voltage battery from Vivid Smoke (Irvine, CA). Nicotine, methamphetamine, methadone, Nicotine-d4, methamphetamine-d11, and methadone-d9 reference standards were all purchased from Cerilliant Corporations (Round Rock, TX). The methanol and 20 mL scintillation vials were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). The Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) was purchased by MSP Corporation (Shoreview, MN). The flow meter was purchased from Dwyer (Michigan City, IN).
9
Characterization of Pharmaceutical Compounds
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Naloxone hydrochloride (0599), tolterodine L-tartrate (3761), and diltiazem hydrochloride (0685) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. Buprenorphine hydrochloride (B9275, USDEA C-III), (±)-methadone hydrochloride (M0267, USDEA C-II), naltrexone hydrochloride (N3136), (±)-verapamil hydrochloride (V4629), and DMSO (D8418) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Norbuprenorphine hydrochloride (USDEA C-II) was purchased from Noramco. Stock solutions of naloxone, naltrexone, and verapamil were dissolved in milliQ water. Stock solutions of methadone, buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, diltiazem, and tolterodine were dissolved in DMSO. When DMSO was used as a solvent, the % of DMSO exposed to cells was ≤0.3%. Aliquoted stock solutions were stored at -20°C until the day of experiments and were diluted to specific test concentrations in the external solution.
10
Neuroprotective Effects of rhGH and IGF-1 Against Methadone
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To assess the role of rhGH and IGF-1 in protecting primary cortical cells exposed to methadone, a 3 day repeated experiment was carried out. At 7 DIV, methadone hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to cortical cells ranging from 0.3 to 100 µM in triplicate. At the same time, rhGH (10, 100, and 1000 nM) or IGF-1 (1, 10, and 100 nM) was added with methadone in another triplicate set. Each concentration of methadone was examined with or without each concentration of rhGH or IGF-1, and the effects were evaluated at the end of the 3 day incubation period. For each separate experiment, a negative control containing cell media and water was added using the same treatment regime as stated above.
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