Dld 1

The human CRC cell lines, CCK-81 and DLD-1, and the gastric cancer cell line, MKN45, were obtained from the Health Science Research Resources Bank (Osaka, Japan). The human gastric cancer cell lines, HGC-27 and NUGC-4, and the human cholangiocellular cancer cell line, HuH-28, were obtained from the RIKEN Bio Resource Center (Ibaraki, Japan). The human CRC cell line, M7609, was kindly provided by Dr. S Machida (Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan). Adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa), as a primary normal adult human dermal fibroblast cell line from skin, were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Wilmington, DE). Each cell line was cultured in the recommended medium containing 10% fetal calf serum at 37 °C with 5% CO₂.

The Balb/c mouse colon cancer cell line CT26 was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). The human colon cancer cell lines DLD1, SW480, HCT116, KM12C, Lovo, HT29, WiDr, and Caco2 were obtained from the Health Science Research Resources Bank (Osaka, Japan), and KM12SM was kindly gifted by Dr. Isaiah J. Fidler (University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA). Balb/c mouse-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained from Cyagen Biosciences Inc. (Tokyo, Japan).

The human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293 and the human colorectal cancer cell line DLD-1 were obtained from the Health Science Research Resources Bank (Osaka, Japan) and maintained in DMEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and RPMI (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific), respectively. The human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection and cultured in RPMI supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. These cell lines are not listed in the International Cell Line Authentication Committee database of cross-contaminated or misidentified cell lines. Absence of mycoplasma contamination was routinely confirmed using the e-Myco VALiD Mycoplasma PCR Detection Kit (iNtRon Biotechnology). All cell lines were authenticated by short tandem repeat profiling.