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Doxorubicin hydrochloride

Manufactured by Cayman Chemical
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Sourced in United States

Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a chemical compound used in research applications. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water.

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Lab products found in correlation

Q vd oph hydrate, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Abt 263, by Selleck Chemicals (4 mentions) Etoposide, by Merck Group (4 mentions) 4 hydroxytamoxifen, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Propidium iodide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Tert butyl hydroperoxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hoechst 33342, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Pcr based detection kit, by Southern Biotech (2 mentions) Diphenyleneiodonium chloride, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Rottlerin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Digoxin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Alisertib, by Selleck Chemicals (2 mentions) Jnk in 8, by Selleck Chemicals (2 mentions) Barasertib, by Selleck Chemicals (2 mentions) Chir99021, by Selleck Chemicals (2 mentions) Strophanthidin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lopac1280 library, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Bms 582949, by Selleck Chemicals (2 mentions) Palbociclib hcl, by Selleck Chemicals (2 mentions)

19 protocols using doxorubicin hydrochloride

1

Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity Assay in 96-well Plates

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Cells were seeded in a 96-well plate at a target density of 2,000 cells/well and grown for approximately 48 h to allow for cell adhesion and recovery from passaging. An IncuCyte S2 Live Cell Analysis System (Essen/Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany) was used to collect fluorescent and phase contrast images every 2–4 h. Images were collected for periods of 21–56 days to ensure that cultures in which cells recover after exposure to doxorubicin were able to display logistic growth. Doxorubicin treatment was prepared by reconstituting doxorubicin hydrochloride (Cayman Chemical 15,007, Ann Arbor, Michigan) in water and mixing it with 100 µl of growth media at 2× the target concentration, which was then added to each well of the plate. The drug-containing media was then replaced with fresh growth media after 24 h. Three experiment types were run, in which either the doxorubicin concentration, the inter-treatment interval, or the number of doses was varied (see Table 1). Each doxorubicin concentration was tested in n = 6 replicates, while each inter-treatment interval and number of doses was tested in n = 12 replicates.
Yang E.Y., Howard G.R., Brock A., Yankeelov T.E, & Lorenzo G. (2022). Mathematical characterization of population dynamics in breast cancer cells treated with doxorubicin. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 9, 972146.
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2

Oxidative Stress and Cell Death Modulators

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tert-Butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, ferrostatin-1, cyclosporine A, GSH, GSSG, and MG132 were from Sigma. Doxorubicin hydrochloride, liproxstatin-1, deferoxamine, mitoQ, and SKQ1 were from Cayman Chemical. MitoPeDPP and mito-FerroGreen were from Dojindo. Necrostatin-1s was from Cell Signaling Biotechnology. MitoSOX, propidium iodide, and Hoechst 33,342 were from Invitrogen. The following antibodies were used: anti-HMGB1 (3935), anti-HO-1 (82,206), anti-VDAC (4661), anti-catalase (14,097), and anti-GAPDH (2118) from Cell Signaling Biotechnology; anti-Bach1 (sc-271211) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; Anti-FTMT (PAD251Mu01) from Cloud-Clone Corp.; anti-GPX4 from R&D Systems.
Chen Y., Guo X., Zeng Y., Mo X., Hong S., He H., Li J., Fatima S, & Liu Q. (2023). Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial iron overload and ferroptotic cell death. Scientific Reports, 13, 15515.
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3

Cell line authentication and characterization

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Cell lines were sourced and cultured as detailed in Supplementary Table S1. Cell cultures were not used beyond 2 months from initial thawing with culture supernatants tested yearly for Mycoplasma infection using a PCR based detection kit (Southern Biotech, USA). Cell lines were authenticated by STR profiling (Genetica LabCorp, USA). SP-2509 was provided by Dr Sunil Sharma (TGen Clinical Sciences), Doxorubicin hydrochloride and GSK-LSD1 (18 (link)) were purchased from Cayman Chemical, Thapsigargin and AraC (Cytosine Arabinoside) were sourced from Sigma-Aldrich. [3H]GSK-LSD1 (specific activity, 9 Ci/mmol) was purchased from ViTrax Radiochemicals.
Pishas K.I., Drenberg C.D., Taslim C., Theisen E.R., Johnson K.M., Saund R.S., Pop I.L., Crompton B.D., Lawlor E.R., Tirode F., Mora J., Delattre O., Beckerle M.C., Callen D.F., Sharma S, & Lessnick. S.L. (2018). Therapeutic targeting of KDM1A/LSD1 in Ewing sarcoma with SP-2509 engages the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Molecular cancer therapeutics, 17(9), 1902-1916.
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4

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of U2OS Cells

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The U2OS human osteosarcoma cell line was kindly provided by the Genome Stability Lab of the National University of Ireland (Galway, Ireland). PVA Mw 56–98 (98–98.8% hydrolysis), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), MTT (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), penicillin, McCoy’s 5A medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and streptomycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (St. Louis, USA). D14 was synthesized and donated by Luis Octavio Regasini (Department of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry of the State University of São Paulo, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil). The doxorubicin (hydrochloride) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Cambridge, UK).
Seba V., de Lima G.G., Pereira B.L., Silva G., Reinhardt L.S., Arantes P.R., Chee B.S., dos Santos M.B., França S.C., Regasini L.O., Fachin A.L., Cao Z., Nugent M.J, & Marins M. (2021). Development, Characterization and Cell Viability Inhibition of PVA Spheres Loaded with Doxorubicin and 4′-Amino-1-Naphthyl-Chalcone (D14) for Osteosarcoma. Polymers, 13(16), 2611.
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5

Synthesis and Characterization of Deep Eutectic Solvents

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Choline chloride (ChCl) (purity
≥98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Glycerol (purity 99.8%)
was obtained from R&M Chemicals. Sucrose and urea (purity ∼99.5%)
were provided by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Potassium permanganate
(KMnO4) with a purity of 99% was purchased from Univar.
Doxorubicin (hydrochloride) with a purity of ≥98% was obtained
from Cayman Chemical. Synthesis of DES ChCl:sucrose:water (4:1:4)
and DES ChCl:Glycerol:water (1:2:1) was according to a previous report.37 (link) First, all solid chemicals listed in Table 1 were dried overnight
in a vacuum oven (Memmert VO500, ThermoFisher) at 60 °C. Next,
the salt and HBDs were mixed according to the given molar ratio at
70 °C via magnetic stirring until a homogeneous solution was
achieved. The resulting mixture was then transferred into a well-sealed
and dark (covered with aluminum foil) bottle.
Zainal-Abidin M.H., Hayyan M., Ngoh G.C, & Wong W.F. (2020). Doxorubicin Loading on Functional Graphene as a Promising Nanocarrier Using Ternary Deep Eutectic Solvent Systems. ACS Omega, 5(3), 1656-1668.
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6

Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways

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Mouse TNFα was from R&D Systems. tert-butylhydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, cycloheximide, BMS-345541, and TSA were from Sigma. Doxorubicin hydrochloride was from Cayman Chemical. Propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342 were from Invitrogen. The following antibodies were used: anti-α-tubulin (3873), anti-HMGB1 (3935), anti-PARP (9532), anti-HO-1 (82206), anti-IKKβ (2678), and anti-HDAC3 (3949) were from Cell Signaling Biotechnology (Beverly, MA); Anti-p65 (sc-372), Anti-Nrf2 (sc-722), anti-NQO1 (sc-393736), anti-IκBα (sc-847), and anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA).
Guo X., Hong S., He H., Zeng Y., Chen Y., Mo X., Li J., Li L., Steinmetz R, & Liu Q. (2020). NFκB promotes oxidative stress-induced necrosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting Nrf2-ARE pathway. Free radical biology & medicine, 159, 125-135.
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7

Polymer-based Doxorubicin Delivery System

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Ammonium hydroxide solution (NH4 OH, ACS reagent, 28–30% NH3 basis), ammonium persulfate (APS, ACS reagent, 98+%), citric acid (99%), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2 O, ACS reagent, 97%), ferric chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2 .4H2 O, ReagentPlus®, 98%), gelatin from porcine skin (gel strength 300, Type A), N,N’-Methylenebis(Acrylamide) (BIS, 99%), N-isopropylAcrylamide (NIPAM, 97%), and sodium metabisulfite (SBS, 99+%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX, 98%) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (USA). Acrylamide (AM, 98+%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (USA). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Biotechnology grade) was purchased from Amresco (USA). Lithium acylphosphinate (LAP) photoinitiator was kindly provided by Dr. Daniel Alge’s laboratory at Texas A&M University (College Station, TX). All chemicals were used as received without further purification or processing. Ultra-pure water (17.8 MΩ.cm) was used for all experiments.
Jalili N.A., Jaiswal M.K., Peak C.W., Cross L.M, & Gaharwar A.K. (2017). Injectable Nanoengineered Stimuli-responsive Hydrogels for On-Demand and Localized Therapeutic Delivery. Nanoscale, 9(40), 15379-15389.
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8

Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity Assay Protocol

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Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Cayman Chemical 15007) is reconstituted in water. Cell culture media is replaced with complete growth media containing doxorubicin at the specified concentration. After 24 hours, doxorubicin media is replaced with drug-free media.
Howard G.R., Jost T.A., Yankeelov T.E, & Brock A. (2022). Quantification of long-term doxorubicin response dynamics in breast cancer cell lines to direct treatment schedules. PLoS Computational Biology, 18(3), e1009104.
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9

Cytotoxic Compounds Evaluation Protocol

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The following compounds were used in this study: ABT‐263 (Selleckchem, S1001), Etoposide (Sigma‐Aldrich, E1383), Q‐VD‐OPh hydrate (Sigma‐Aldrich, SML0063), 4‐hydroxy‐tamoxifen (Sigma‐Aldrich, H7904), Doxorubicin hydrochloride (Cayman chemical, 15007). Galactose‐modified prodrugs (JHB75B, referred as prodrug A in the manuscript; JHB35B; JHB76B) and seco‐Duocarmycin analog dimer (JHB71A) were provided by Prof. Dr. L. F. Tietze. All drugs were reconstituted in DMSO unless otherwise stated.
Guerrero A., Guiho R., Herranz N., Uren A., Withers D.J., Martínez‐Barbera J.P., Tietze L.F, & Gil J. (2020). Galactose‐modified duocarmycin prodrugs as senolytics. Aging Cell, 19(4), e13133.
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10

Doxorubicin-Loaded Clay-Polymer Hydrogel

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The monomer—(methacrylic acid from Janssen Chimica), biopolymer—Salecan (Suzhou Chemicals, Suzhou, China), crosslinker—N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), initiator—ammonium persulfate (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and drug—DOX (doxorubicin hydrochloride, Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) were used as received. Commercial clay-Cl 93A (Southern Clay Products Inc., Gonzales, TX, USA) is an organomodified clay with ammonium salts of fatty acids (methyl, tallow, bis-2-hidroxyethyl (methyl, dehydrogenated tallow)-(Cloisite® 93A, 90 meg/100 g)), was used without further purification.
Florian P.E., Icriverzi M., Ninciuleanu C.M., Alexandrescu E., Trica B., Preda S., Ianchis R, & Roseanu A. (2020). Salecan-Clay Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery Systems; Characterization and In Vitro Biocompatibility Studies. Materials, 13(23), 5389.
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