Anti beta actin antibody a2228

Anti-MakA antiserum produced by GeneCust (1:20,000 dilution), anti-LAMP1 antibody (#9091) purchased from Cell Signaling (1:1000 dilution), and anti-beta-actin antibody (A2228) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (1:5000 dilution) were used in this study.

The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341, Velcade®) was obtained from Selleckchem Chemicals LLC (Houston, TX). The thioredoxin inhibitor 2-[(1-methylpropyl) dithio]-1H-imidazole (PX12) was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). The mitophagy inhibitor bafilomycin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) were purchased from GIBCO BRL (Grand Island, NY). The mTOR activator (MHY1485) and ERK activator (tert-butylhydroquinone; tBHQ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Drugs were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) at a concentration of 100 mM as a stock solution. Anti-PINK1 antibody (ab75487) and anti-LC3B antibody (ab51520) used for western blot analysis were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). Anti-beta-actin antibody (A2228) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Anti-thioredoxin antibody (C63C6), anti-AKT antibody (9272), anti-mTOR antibody (2972), anti-phospho-Akt (Ser473, 4060) antibody, anti-phospho-mTOR (Ser2448, 5536) antibody, and anti-phospho-p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2, Thr202/Tyr204, 9101) antibody were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Human CD138 enrichment kit (EasySep™) was purchased from StemCell Technologies (Vancouver, BC, Canada).