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K bglu kit

Manufactured by Megazyme
Sourced in Ireland

The K-BGLU kit is a laboratory product designed to quantify β-glucosidase activity. It provides the necessary reagents and protocols to measure the enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase in various samples.

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6 protocols using k bglu kit

1

Quantifying Starch and Beta-Glucans in Cereal Grains

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For frozen samples, all filled grains from one side of the rachis were pooled while kept frozen. Grains were lyophilized at −15�C for 5 d followed by 24 h at room temperature. All grains from matured, dried samples were lyophilized at room temperature (24 h). Dried grains were crushed, cooled in liquid nitrogen and ground to flour in a SPEX SamplePrep2010 Geno/Grinder� (Metuchen, New Jersey, USA).
Determination of total starch was done using the AA/AMG kit from Megazyme (Bray, Ireland). D-Glucose (1 mg/ml) and Regular Maize Starch from Megazyme (Bray, Ireland) served as controls. Amylose content and amylose: amylopectin ratio was determined using the K-AMYL kit (Megazyme, Ireland). β-glucans were quantified using the K-BGLU kit (Megazyme, Ireland). Five milligram aliquots of flour were used, otherwise manufacturer’s recommendations were followed. Grubbs test for outliers, ANOVA and ANCOVA were made using XLSTAT add-on for Microsoft Excel (Addinsoft, New York, NY, USA). ANOVA was applied to mature samples and ANCOVA to distinct stages during development (HT: 240–393�Cd; recovery: 384–601�Cd; desiccation: 464–681�Cd). For samples taken during development n = 3, for samples taken at maturity n = 5 plants were used for measurements.
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2

Quantifying Mixed-Linkage β-Glucan

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β-glucan was determined using the mixed-linkage β-glucan assay (K-BGLU) kit from Megazyme (Wicklow, Ireland) adapting the procedures for each type of sample (flour, toasted, and liquid samples) as specified in the assay protocol. β-glucan analyses were carried out in duplicate and the results are presented as mean values.
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3

Comprehensive Breads Composition Analysis

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Crisp breads were milled with a cyclone sample mill (Retsch, Haan, Germany). Extractable and unextractable DF content and composition were analyzed according to the Uppsala method [27 (link)]. β-glucan was analyzed using a K-BGLU kit (Megazyme, Bray, Ireland) [28 ] and fructan content using a K-FRUC kit (Megazyme, Bray, Ireland) [29 (link)] (Table 3). Content of arabinoxylan and arabino-galactan was calculated assuming an arabinose/galactose ratio of 0.69 in extractable arabinogalactan [30 ]. Total fat, protein (Table 1) and amino acid composition (Table 4) were analyzed by a certified commercial testing laboratory (Eurofins, Lidköping, Sweden) using the Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff method [31 ], the Kjeldahl method with conversion factor 6.25 and ISO 13903:2005/13904:2005 respectively.
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4

Detailed Characterization of Food Fibers

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Samples were milled with a cyclone sample mill (Retsch, Haan, Germany). Samples with high water content (WB, sRB, RP) were freeze-dried prior to milling. RP was prepared as described above and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen before freeze-drying. Extractable and unextractable dietary fibre content and composition were analysed according to the Uppsala method [18 (link)]. Content of arabinoxylan and arabinogalactan was calculated assuming an arabinose/galactose ratio of 0.69 in extractable arabinogalactan [19 (link)]. β-glucan, fructan and resistant starch content was analysed using a K-BGLU kit [20 (link)], a K-FRUC kit [21 (link)], and a K-RSTAR kit [22 (link)], respectively (Megazyme, Bray, Ireland). Calcofluor average molecular weight of β-glucan (Mcf) was analysed using size exclusion chromatography with fluorescence detection [23 (link)]. Crude fat was determined according to the method described in the Official Journal of the European Communities [24 ] and protein according to the Kjeldahl method (N × 6.25) [25 ]. Dry content was determined by drying the samples at 105 °C for 16 h according to AACC method 44-15A.
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5

Detailed Analysis of Bread Composition

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Chemical composition of bread samples and of substrates derived from the bread samples was analyzed in duplicate, with the results presented on a dry weight basis after drying at 105 °C for 16 h. Dietary fiber content and composition were analyzed according to the AOAC Method 994.1334 (link), with previously described modifications35 (link) to analyze the extractable and non-extractable dietary fiber separately. For the analysis of substrates, sample amount of 75 mg was used. The β-glucan content was analyzed with K-BGLU kit (Megazyme) as described previously36 (link). The fructan content was determined with a K-FRUC kit (Megazyme) as previously described37 (link), with modifications described in Supplementary methods online. Starch content was analyzed enzymatically according to a previously published method38 . Protein content was analyzed according to the Kjeldahl method39 as Kjeldahl-N × 6.25. Fat content was analyzed as described previously40 . The concentration of glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, and raffinose was analyzed as described previously (modified)41 .
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6

Crispbread Composition Analysis

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Crispbread samples were milled with a cyclone sample mill (Retsch). Extractable and unextractable dietary fibre content and composition were analysed by the Uppsala method (34) . Concentration of arabinoxylan and arabinogalactan was calculated assuming an arabinose/galactose ratio of 0•69 in extractable arabinogalactan (35) . Concentration of β-glucan, fructan and resistant starch was analysed using a K-BGLU kit, a K-FRUC kit and a K-RSTAR kit, respectively (Megazyme). Calcofluor average molecular weight of β-glucan (Mcf) was analysed using sizeexclusion chromatography with fluorescence detection (36) . Crude fat was determined according to the method described in the Official Journal of the European Communities and protein was determined according to the Kjeldahl method (N × 6•25). The amounts of L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid and acetic acid were determined enzymatically (Roche and R-Biopharm). An amount of 10 g of sample was mixed with 100 ml of distilled water and homogenised. The mixture was heated to 60°C and kept there for 5 min and was then cooled to room temperature in an ice bath. The pH was adjusted to 7 with NaOH and the mixture was then put in an ultrasonic batch for 5 min. The sample was then centrifuged and filtered through a 0•2 µm membrane filter and stored at -20°C until determination. All analyses were made in duplicate.
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