Nh2ch2ch2oh

ZnO precursor resin was prepared by dissolving 0.5 mol zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃COO)22H₂O, Aldrich, Wyoming, IL, USA, 99.5%), 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (Aldrich UV-linker), and the molar equivalent of monoethanolamine (MEA, (NH₂CH₂CH₂OH, Aldrich, 99.5%) in 2-methoxyethanol (2ME (CH₃OCH₂CH₂OH, Aldrich, 99.5%). The resulting solution was stirred at 25°C for 3 h and 75°C for 24 h to yield a homogeneous and stable colloid solution.

The ZnO precursor was prepared by dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O, Aldrich, 99.9%, 1.64 g) and ethanolamine (NH₂CH₂CH₂OH, Aldrich, 99.5%, 0.5 g) in 2-methoxyethanol (CH₃OCH₂CH₂OH, Aldrich, 99.8%, 10 g) under vigorous stirring at 60°C for 30 min to the hydrolysis reaction in air. The ZnO precursor solution was spin-coated on top of the AgNW embedded NOA 63 electrode. The films were annealed at 150°C for 10 min in air. The ZnO film thickness was approximately 40 nm. The ZnO-coated substrates were transferred into a nitrogen-filled glove box. A solution containing a mixture of PBDTTT-C:PCBM (10 mg:20 mg) was dissoved in 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1 mL). The PBDTTT-C, and PCBM used in this study were purchased from 1-material and Nano-C, respectively. The active layer was then spin-coated onto the ZnO-coated AgNW embedded NOA 63 electrode at 1000 rpm for 40 s after passing through a 0.20 μm PTFE syringe filter and the thickness of the active layer was about 100 nm. The PEDOT-PSS (Clevios 4083) diluted using isopropyl alcohol (IPA), with the ratio of PEDOT-PSS:IPA being 1:10, were deposited onto the active layer at 5000 rpm 60 s in a glove box. Finally, the Ag metal as top electrode was deposited through a shadow mask by thermal evaporation in a vacuum of about 5 × 10⁻⁶ Torr. The device area, defined through a shadow mask, was 0.38 cm².

The ZnO precursor was prepared by dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O, Aldrich, 99.9%, 1 g) and ethanolamine (NH₂CH₂CH₂OH, Aldrich, 99.5%, 0.5 g) in isopropyl alcohol (CH₃OCH₂CH₂OH, Aldrich, 99.8%, 50 g) via stirring for 24 h. The PTB7-Th:PC₇₀BM solution was prepared by blending PTB7-Th (1-material) and PC₇₀BM (Nano-C) at a ratio of 1:2 in chlorobenzene solvent with 1,8-diiodooctane additive (3% by volume) to obtain a total concentration of 12 mg ml⁻¹. The MoO₃ solution was prepared by dissolving bis(acetylacetonato) dioxomolybdenum (Sigma Aldrich) in a cosolvent of methanol and 1-butanol.