At enrolment, each participant completed a lifestyle questionnaire, with their socio-demographic data, and whether they were diagnosed with diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and ischaemic heart disease (IHD). At the recruitment centres, qualified research nurses verified all the information, and undertook a physical assessment including anthropometric measurement and vital signs. They also collected blood and urine samples from the participants who agreed to provide their samples for laboratory analysis. Blood samples were analysed for HbA1c (VARIANT II Turbo, Bio-Rad), total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (AU5400, Beckman Coulter, Brea, California), and urinary albumin concentration (AU5400, Beckman, Coulter).23 (link)
Au5400
Manufactured by Beckman Coulter
Sourced in United States, Portugal, Japan, United Kingdom
The AU5400 is a fully automated chemistry analyzer designed for clinical laboratory use. It is capable of performing a wide range of clinical chemistry tests. The AU5400 features a high-throughput design and advanced analytical capabilities to deliver reliable and accurate results.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Au5800, by Beckman Coulter (5 mentions)
Xe 2100, by Sysmex (3 mentions)
Le 80k ultracentrifuge, by Beckman Coulter (2 mentions)
Advia 1800, by Siemens (2 mentions)
Au5800, by Siemens (2 mentions)
Minicollect gold cap tube, by Greiner (2 mentions)
Osr6516 reagent, by bioMérieux (2 mentions)
Premier hb9210, by Trinity Biotech (2 mentions)
Hem 7015it, by Omron (2 mentions)
Advia centaur, by Siemens (2 mentions)
Hlc 723g7, by Tosoh (2 mentions)
Cobas e170, by Roche (2 mentions)
Variant 2 turbo, by Bio-Rad (1 mentions)
Interleukin 6 (il 6), by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Il 1β, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Automated glycohemoglobin analyzer hlc 723g8, by Tosoh (1 mentions)
Xn 1000, by Sysmex (1 mentions)
Advia centaur, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Jca bm8060, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Cica liquid alt, by Kanto Chemical (1 mentions)
88 protocols using au5400
1
Participant Enrollment and Assessment
2
Measuring Inflammatory Markers and Lipid Profiles
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Levels of human TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 present in culture media (R and D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) and the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β (R and D Systems), IL-6 (R and D Systems), apolipoprotein (apoAI; Cusabio Biotech, Wuhan, China), and apoB100 (Cusabio Biotech Co. Ltd.) were measured by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and TGs were analyzed in an automated analyzer (AU5400; Beckman Coulter, Fullerton, CA). Lipoproteins were isolated by sequential ultracentrifugation from 60 μl of plasma at densities (d) of <1.006 g/ml (VLDL), 1.006 ≤ d ≤1.063 g/ml (intermediate density lipoprotein and LDL) and d >1.063 g/ml HDL) in an LE-80K Ultracentrifuge (Beckman Coulter). Cholesterol levels in lipoprotein fractions were determined by enzymatic means using a colorimetric method (AU5400; Beckman).
3
Quantification of Lipid and Inflammatory Markers
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Blood samples were extracted after 12 hours’ fasting. Biochemical analyses were
performed at the Central Laboratory of the Hospital, according to standard
techniques. In order to determine total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and
glucose, blood samples were placed in dry tubes, centrifuged half an hour later
at 3,500 g and subsequently quantified by an enzymatic technique using an “AU
5400” (Beckman Coulter) autoanalyzer. Biochemical markers such as lipoprotein-a
- Lp(a), (Apo B), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were
quantified by immunoturbidimetry also using an “AU 5400” (Beckman Coulter)
automatic system.
performed at the Central Laboratory of the Hospital, according to standard
techniques. In order to determine total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and
glucose, blood samples were placed in dry tubes, centrifuged half an hour later
at 3,500 g and subsequently quantified by an enzymatic technique using an “AU
5400” (Beckman Coulter) autoanalyzer. Biochemical markers such as lipoprotein-a
- Lp(a), (Apo B), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were
quantified by immunoturbidimetry also using an “AU 5400” (Beckman Coulter)
automatic system.
4
Biomarkers of Kidney Function in Research
5
Metabolic Biomarkers in Fasting Blood
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After fasting for at least 8 hours, blood samples were collected from the anterior cubital vein in the morning. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined by a colorimetry method (AU5400, BECKMAN COULTER). Enzymatic methods were used to measure creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (AU5400, BECKMAN COULTER), and haemoglobinA1c (HbA1c) was measured with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) by Tosoh Automated Glycohemoglobin Analyzer HLC-723G8. The eGFR was estimated by using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)-4 equation: eGFR = 186 × serum creatinine−1.154 × age−0.203 × 0.742(in women) × 1.21251 (link).
6
Biomarker Reproducibility in UK Biobank
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Biomarkers of kidney function were measured from serum and spot urine samples collected at study baseline (described previously in (19) (link)) and were assayed in a central laboratory from 2014-2017. Measurement of creatinine (serum and urine), urea (serum), and uric acid (serum) was conducted using enzymatic analysis (serum: Beckman Coulter AU5800, urine: Beckman Coulter AU5400). CRP and cystatin C were measured by immunoturbidimetric analysis (serum; Beckman Coulter AU5800 [CRP]; Siemens Advia 1800 [cystatin C]). Microalbumin was measured by immunoturbidimetric analysis and potassium and sodium were measured by ion selective electrode analysis (urine; Beckman Coulter AU5400). Coefficients of variation for all biomarkers were ≤3% across all assay batches (20) . Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR crcys ) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine-cystatin equation (21) (link)(22) (link)(23) (link)(24) (link).
A previous study examined the long-term reproducibility of these biomarkers within individuals over time (25) (link). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for biomarkers of kidney function in serum ranged from 0.58 for urea to 0.82 for uric acid, and CRP was 0.29. Biomarkers in urine had lower ICCs ranging from 0.26 for potassium to 0.41 for microalbumin.
A previous study examined the long-term reproducibility of these biomarkers within individuals over time (25) (link). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for biomarkers of kidney function in serum ranged from 0.58 for urea to 0.82 for uric acid, and CRP was 0.29. Biomarkers in urine had lower ICCs ranging from 0.26 for potassium to 0.41 for microalbumin.
7
Fasting Blood Biomarker Quantification
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Blood samples were extracted after 14-16 h fasting. Biochemical analyses were performed in the Central Laboratory of the Hospital, according to standard techniques. To determine total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein, triglycerides, and glucose, blood samples were placed in dry tubes, centrifuged half an hour later at 3500 g and subsequently quantified by an enzymatic technique using a ''AU 5400'' (Beckman Coulter) auto analyzer. Biochemical markers such as lipoprotein-a, apolipoprotein B, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were quantified by immunoturbidimetry using an AU 5400 (Beckman Coulter) automatic system. To measure fibrinogen, samples were placed in a tube containing sodium citrate, and measurements were taken with an ACL TOP 700 automatic analyzer.
8
Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling of Fasted Individuals
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Venous blood was collected after 12 h fasting for the assessment of RDW and serum concentrations of FBG, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, albumin, prealbumin, ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin, creatinine and NT-proBNP. FBG was measured using the glucose oxidase method. TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, albumin, prealbumin, ALT, AST, GGT, globulin, and bilirubin were measured using enzymatic methods. RDW was determined using Sysmex XN-1000 (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan), and other indicators were determined using an automatic biochemical analyzer (AU5400; Beckman Coulter, Pasadena, CA, USA).
9
Serum Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism
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Blood samples were collected from the aorta abdominalis (n = 8/group, volume = 4 mL for each rat) at the time of sacrifice. Serum was separated immediately using centrifugation at a speed of 3000 r/min for 10 min and was collected and stored at −80 °C for ELISA analysis. The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and calcium (Ca) were tested using an automatic biochemical analyzer (Au5400, Beckman Coulter Inc., Massachusetts, CA, USA), while the serum level of osteocalcin (OCN) was analyzed using a specific kit (Rapidbio Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA).
10
Hematological and Biochemical Analyses of Fish Blood
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After collection, the hematological parameters and serum biochemical parameters of the blood samples were determined immediately. An automated hematology analyzer (Sysmex XN9000-A, Kobe, Japan) was applied to detect the main hematological parameters, including red blood cells (RBC, 1012 L−1), white blood cells (WBC, 109 L−1), hemoglobin (Hb, g L−1), packed-cell volume (PCV, %; also called hematocrit, HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV, fL), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH, pg), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, g L−1), red blood cell distribution width (RDW, %), platelet (PLT, 109 L−1), mean platelet volume (MPV, fL), and platelet distribution width (PDW, %). A fully automatic biochemical analyzer (Beckman Coulter AU5400, Pasadena, USA) was applied to test the serum biochemical parameters, including total protein (TP, g L−1), albumin (ALB, g L−1), globulin (GLO, g L−1), and albumin/globulin ratio (A/G). The contents of serum lysozyme (LZM; μg mL−1) and superoxide dismutase (SOD; U mL−1) were determined with commercial test kits (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Moreover, the serum antibody titers against A. hydrophila (anti-A. hydrophila titer) and A. veronii (anti-A. veronii titer) were determined with the agglutination effect of serum on antigens.
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