Na2so4

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific

Sourced in Belgium, United States, Germany

Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It serves as a desiccant, helping to absorb and remove moisture from various materials and environments.

Automatically generated - may contain errors

Lab products found in correlation

Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Milli q system, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Feso4 7h2o, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Nahco3, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Cacl2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Nah2po4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Mgcl2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Mgso4 7h2o, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Bacl2, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Cacl2, by Merck Group (2 mentions) H2so4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Nano3, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Boric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Toluene, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Benzene d6, by Merck Group (1 mentions) N butyl alcohol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Aliquat 336, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

34 protocols using na2so4

Electrochemical Removal of Clopyralid from Synthetic Soil Washing Effluents

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In this work, the selected target pollutant was clopyralid. It was used in its commercial formulation, Lontrel ® 72 (72% w/w), and was supplied by Dow AgroSciences. The polluted effluents used in this research were synthetic soil washing effluents. The soil washing fluid used to extract the pollutant from the soil was groundwater. According to the composition and concentration of typical groundwater and the results described in the literature (Minerales, 1985; Chair et al., 2017a; 2017b) , the synthetic effluent presented the following concentrations: Na2SO4 50 mM; MgSO4 7H2O 5.54 mM; NaCl 2.25 mM; NaNO3 1.53 mM; KI 0.15 mM; CaCO3 12.47 mM. FeSO4•7H2O (purity 99%), Na2SO4 and the rest of the chemicals used in this work were purchased from Acros Organics (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Geel, Belgium).
In the literature, it has been described that the optimum pH to carry out the EF process is 3 (Diagne et al., 2007) . Because of that, the pH of the wastewater was adjusted to 3 before the experiments by adding analytical grade sulfuric acid H2SO4 purchased form Acros Organics. All the solutions were prepared using Ultrapure water (Millipore Elga).

Carboneras Contreras M.B., Fourcade F., Assadi A., Amrane A, & Fernandez-Morales F.J. (2019). Electro Fenton removal of clopyralid in soil washing effluents. Chemosphere, 237.

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Synthesis of m-carborane-1-thiol derivatives

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Methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate, m-carborane-1-thiol, benzene-d₆, methanol-d₄ anhydrous diethyl ether, n-butyl alcohol, and Aliquat 336 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Toluene, n-propyl alcohol and Na₂SO₄ were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA) and K₂CO₃ was purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA). Ethanol (200 proof) and isopropyl alcohol were purchased from Pharmco Aaper (Brookfield, CT). All the solvents were used as received without further purification.

He T., Misuraca J.C, & Musah R.A. (2017). “Carboranyl-cysteine”—Synthesis, Structure and Self-Assembly Behavior of a Novel α-Amino Acid. Scientific Reports, 7, 16995.

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Operando Synchrotron XRD of P2 Oxide

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Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) on beamline 7–2 with a 14.013 keV beam. The operando diffraction patterns were collected with a Pilatus 300 K area detector (DECTRIS Ltd.) in portrait mode, in a Bragg-Brentano (θ-2θ) reflection geometry at a sample-to-detector distance of 750 mm. XRD patterns were taken with the middle of the detector at 11.4 and 23.0°2θ with a 3 s exposure every 20 s while cycling the electrode at 0.5 mV/s. After calibrating the detector geometry (tilts and distance) with LaB₆, the area diffraction patterns were reduced to one dimensional intensity vs. 2θ patterns with the pyFAI library (Ashiotis et al., 2015 (link)). The electrochemical cell consisted of a 1 M Na₂SO₄ (Fisher Scientific) electrolyte, a Pt counter electrode, and a miniature leakless Ag/AgCl reference electrode (eDAQ ET072-1) using a cell developed for in situ electrochemical X-ray scattering (Cao et al., 2016 (link); Mitchell et al., 2019 (link)). The preparation of the working electrode is discussed in more detail in section Methods: Electrochemical Characterization. Briefly, an 8:1:1 slurry of the P2 oxide, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride was prepared in n-methyl pyrrolidone, cast onto a plasma-cleaned platinized silicon substrate (MTI Corp.), and dried at 120°C overnight.

Boyd S., Geise N.R., Toney M.F, & Augustyn V. (2020). High Power Energy Storage via Electrochemically Expanded and Hydrated Manganese-Rich Oxides. Frontiers in Chemistry, 8, 715.

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Anaerobic Bacterial Growth Optimization

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The bacterial species Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was purchased from ATCC (#27774). The bacterial species Desulfovibrio piger was purchased from ATCC (#29098). The vial was handled and opened per ATCC instructions for anaerobic bacteria and cells were grown in Desulfovibrio media described previously (21 (link)). Media was composed of NH₄Cl (1 g/L) (Fisher Chemical), Na₂SO₄ (2 g/L) (Fisher Chemical), Na₂S₂O₃•5H₂O (1 g/L) (Sigma), MgSO₄•7H₂O (1 g/L) (Fisher Chemical), CaCl₂•2H₂O (0.1 g/L) (Fisher Chemical), KH₂PO₄ (0.5 g/L) (Fisher Bioreagents), Yeast Extract (1 g/L) (Amresco), Resazurin (0.5 mL/L) (Sigma), cysteine (0.6 g/L) (Sigma), DTT (0.6 g/L) (Sigma), NaHCO₃ (1 g/L) (Fisher Chemical), pyruvic acid (3 g/L) (Acros Organics), malic acid (3 g/L) (Acros Organics), ATCC Trace Mineral Mix (10 mL/L), ATCC Vitamin Mix (10 mL/L) and adjusted to pH of 7.2. Bacteria were grown for 48 hrs in an anaerobic chamber (Coy Labs) and stored in growth media containing 25% glycerol at 70°C. 2.5×10⁸ bacterial CFUs were added to 250 μL of drinking water of mice for 1 week.

Petersen C., Bell R., Klag K.A., Lee S.H., Soto R., Ghazaryan A., Buhrke K., Ekiz H.A., Ost K.S., Boudina S., O’Connell R.M., Cox J.E., Villanueva C.J., Stephens W.Z, & Round J.L. (2019). T cell-mediated regulation of the microbiota protects against obesity. Science (New York, N.Y.), 365(6451), eaat9351.

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Soil Characterization for Ecological Research

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When all samples had been taken, the bulk soil samples were thawed and air dried for 48 h, disaggregated, and allowed to air dry again to reach a constant mass. Each sample was weighed and ground to pass through a 2-mm sieve, with any material not passing through weighed and discarded. The remaining material was then all ground to pass through a 355-μm sieve to improve sample uniformity and amalgamation. SOM was then determined by the Walkley-Black dichromate method (Walkley and Black 1934 ). Plant available P was determined using Olsen’s reagent (Olsen et al. 1954 ) and measured colorimetrically in solution by spectrophotometry using the molybdenum blue method (Murphy and Riley 1962 ). Soil N content was determined as Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) using the method 4500-N_org Nitrogen (Organic) (Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 2018 ) with a 50:1 dilution of water/soil, copper catalyst tablets (Fisher Scientific, 1g Na₂SO₄ and the equivalent of 0.1g CuSO₄, Fisher chemical K/0120/80), a Buchi B-435 Digestion Unit, and Buchi B324 Distillation Unit. pH was measured using a 1:2.5 v/v suspension in water (World Agroforestry Centre 2014 ) using a Hach Intellical PHC201 pH electrode and Hach HQ40D portable multimeter.

Humphries N.H., Thornton S.F., Chen X., Bray A.W, & Stewart D.I. (2023). Response of soil bacterial populations to application of biosolids under short-term flooding. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 30(28), 72978-72992.

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Electrochemical Measurement Reagents

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Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (>99%), Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O (>99%), Na₂HPO₄ (>98%, ACS reagent),
and
NaH₂PO₄ (>98%, ACS reagent) were purchased
from
Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ). Na₂SO₄ (99.3%),
Na₂SO₃ (99.6%), and ethylene glycol were purchased
from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O (99.999%) and (NH₄)₁₀H₂(W₂O₇)₆·xH₂O (99.99%) were obtained from Strem Chemicals
(Newburyport, MA). VCl₃ (99%, Alfa-Aesar, Ward Hill, MA)
was used as received. FTO (<14 Ω, TEC 15; Pilkington, Toledo,
OH) was used as the working electrode in all electrochemical measurements
and as the substrate for photoelectrode preparation. The solvent in
all electrochemical experiments was deionized Milli-Q water (18.2
MΩ cm), and its impurity level was double-checked via conductivity
measurements (Orion Star A215). As Fe impurities have a profound effect
on the catalytic activity of Ni oxides,^{69 (link)−71 (link)} its presence in the
electrochemical cell was thoroughly controlled and the Fe concentration
level was estimated to be <280 ppb.

Cho S.K, & Chang J. (2017). Electrochemically Identified Ultrathin Water-Oxidation Catalyst in Neutral pH Solution Containing Ni2+ and Its Combination with Photoelectrode. ACS Omega, 2(2), 432-442.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Based Sorbents

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CaCl₂, BaCl₂, FeCl₃, glutaraldehyde (GA), EDTA, low-molecular-weight chitosan (75−85% deacetylation with a molecular weight range of 50,000−190,000 Da), KBr (IR Grade), and NaCl (ACS grade) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich Canada (Oakville, Ontario, Canada). Glacial acetic acid, HCl (aq) 37%, NaOH, and Na₂SO₄ were obtained from Fisher Chemical (Fisher Scientific, Geel, Belgium). Eriochrome Black T and p-nitrophenol (PNP) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA, USA), anhydrous sodium carbonate and NH₄Cl were purchased from EMD (by Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals were used as received unless specified otherwise. Millipore water (18.2 MOhm cm⁻¹ Resistance) was used for the preparation of all solutions.

Steiger B.G, & Wilson L.D. (2020). Modular Chitosan-Based Adsorbents for Tunable Uptake of Sulfate from Water. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(19), 7130.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose-Based Nanofiltration Membranes

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1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc, HPLC grade) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA. Avicel^® PH-101 microcrystalline cellulose (50 µm, cotton linter source) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Nonwoven polyester backing material from Solecta Membranes was used as a support for membrane formation. Blue dextran (MW: 5000 Da; 10,000 Da) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich for use in membrane pore size characterization. Solutes used in selectivity studies can be seen in Table 1. Methylene Blue and Neutral Red (Sigma Aldrich) were used as model dies to study rejection of molecules <1000 Da. A model dimer (2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol) was provided by Dr. Mark Crocker’s lab in the Center for Applied Energy Research. Ferric chloride (Fisher Scientific, Hanover Park, IL, USA) was used as an iron (III) source in composite membrane synthesis. Lignosulfonic acid sodium salt was purchased from Beantown Chemical LLC, Hudson, NH, USA. as a lignin sulfonate source. Humic acid (technical grade) and bovine serum albumin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich for antifouling study. Na2SO4 (1000 mg/L Fisher Scientific) was used to characterized nanofiltration membrane performance. The country of origin for all membranes and chemicals use was the United States of America.

Colburn A., Vogler R.J., Patel A., Bezold M., Craven J., Liu C, & Bhattacharyya D. (2019). Composite Membranes Derived from Cellulose and Lignin Sulfonate for Selective Separations and Antifouling Aspects. Nanomaterials, 9(6), 867.

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In Vitro Interferent Testing Protocol

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The effect of interferents was tested in vitro using a flow-injection system.^{28 (link)} Compounds were dissolved in PBS buffer containing (in mM) 131.25 NaCl, 3.0 KCL, 10.0 NaH₂PO₄, 1.2 MgCl₂, 2.0 Na₂SO₄, and 1.2 CaCl₂ (pH 7.4, all Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ). All aqueous solutions were prepared with deionized water (Milli-Q Biocel; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Adenosine, histamine, and Adenosine triphosphate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and hydrogen peroxide was purchased from Macron (Center Valley, PA, USA). All were made up as 10.0 mM stock solutions in 0.1 M HClO4 and then diluted to their concentration in PBS buffer. The interferent pH was tested by adjusting pH=7.4 PBS buffer to pH=7.3 with HCl or pH=7.5 with NaOH.

Borman R.P., Wang Y., Nguyen M.D., Ganesana M., Lee S.T, & Venton B.J. (2016). Automated Algorithm for Detection of Transient Adenosine Release. ACS chemical neuroscience, 8(2), 386-393.

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Pesticide Analytical Standards Preparation

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Pesticide analytical standards were purchased from Chemservice (West Chester, PA) and Sigma-Aldrich Canada (Oakville, ON). Analytical grade acetone and toluene were purchased from EMD Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical grade acetonitrile and Na₂SO₄ were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, NJ). Water was obtained from a Milli-Q® Plus Ultra Pure Water system (Millipore Corp., Burlington, MA). Sepra™C18-E was obtained from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA). Supelclean™ ENVI™-Carb SPE Tubes were obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA). Sep-Pak® Classic NH2 Cartridges were obtained from Waters Corp. (Milford, MA).

Gagnon M., McRitchie T., Montsion K., Tully J., Blais M., Snider N, & Blais D.R. (2023). High levels of pesticides found in illicit cannabis inflorescence compared to licensed samples in Canadian study using expanded 327 pesticides multiresidue method. Journal of Cannabis Research, 5, 34.

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