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8 protocols using cholesterol chol

1

Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation and Characterization

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DOX-HCl was purchased from Beijing HuaFeng United Technology Co. (Beijing, China); OA and 2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (Shanghai, China); dehydrogenated soya phosphatidyl choline (HSPC) from Shanghai Advanced Vehicle Technology Ltd. (Shanghai, China); cholesterol (CHOL) from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA); DSPE-PEG(2000) from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA); Sephadex G-25 from GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB (Uppsala, Sweden); Sepharose CL-2B from Beijing Solarbio Life Sciences, (Beijing, China); PBS and HEPES from Biosharp (Anhui, China); CHCl3, ethanol, methanol, (NH4)2SO4 (AR grade), and Tween 80 (CP grade) from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (Shanghai, China); acetonitrile and methanol (HPLC grade) from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Geel, Belgium); trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); MTT, DMSO, and DMEM from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); FBS from Zhejiang Tianhang Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Hangzhou, China); and DAPI from KeyGen Biotech. (Nanjing, China).
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2

Functionalized Tween-20 Nanocarrier Synthesis

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Tween-20 (Tw20), Sephadex G-75, Hepes salt [N-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)], calcein, Ibuprofen and Lidocaine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich SRL, Milan, Italy). Cholesterol (CHOL) and diphenylhexatriene (DPH) were obtained from Acros Organics (Acros Organics BVBA, Geel, Belgium). All other products and reagents were of analytical grade. Tween-20 derivative was synthesized as previously described: briefly, terminal hydroxyl groups were functionalized with glycine (GLY) following the Eschweiler–Clarke reaction13 (link),15 .
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3

Folate-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery

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UA and folate-PEG-CHEMS were obtained from the pharmacy school of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (purity >95%). 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (Chloride Salt) (DOTAP) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Monomethoxy polyethylene glycol 2000-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (MPEG-DSPE2000) was obtained from Lipoid GmbH (Germany). Cholesterol (CHOL) was purchased from Acros Organics. Calcein was obtained from Aladdin Chemistry Co. Ltd. Folic acid was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. RPMI 1640 media were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methyl thiazolyl-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Zhejiang Tianhang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China. Female Kunming mice (25 g, 6–8 weeks old) and female Balb/c nude mice (20 g, 6–8 weeks old) were obtained from Beijing Huafukang Bioscience Technology Co. (Beijing, China; license SCXK (jing) 2009-0004). Cy3-labeled Bmi1 siRNA were synthesized by Ribobio Co., Ltd (Guangzhou, China). The Bmi1 siRNA sequences for mice were sense strand 5'-CCA GAC CAC UCC UGA ACA UTT-3' and anti-sense strand 5'-AUG UUC AGG AGU GGU CUG GTT-3', and for human were sense strand 5'-CCA GAC CAC UAC UGA AUA UAA-3' and anti-sense strand 5'-UUA UAU UCA GUA GUG GUC UGG UU-3'.
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4

Doxorubicin-Loaded Silica Nanoparticles

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Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC; 25 wt%), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), triethylamine (TEA), and paraformaldehyde (PFA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). The 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethy-lammonium-propane (DOTAP, chloride salt) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Monomethoxy polyethylene was obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Monomethoxy polyethylene glycol 2000-distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (mPEG-DSPE2000) was obtained from Shanghai Advanced Vehicle Technology Ltd Co (Shanghai, China). Cholesterol (CHOL) was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Cytochalasin, amiloride, dynasore, and genistein were purchased from Biotool (Shanghai, China). The sequence of miR-375 mimics used in this study was 5′-CCCGCGACGAGCCCCUCGCACAAAACGC-3′ and 5′-GCGUUUUGUUCGUUVGGCUCGCGUGAGG-3′. MiR-375 mimics were synthesized by Guangzhou Ribobio Company (Guangzhou, China). The negative control miR-NC was provided by Guangzhou Ribobio Company.
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5

Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles

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Tween 20 (TW20), 9-(diethylamino)-5H-benzo [R] fenossazin-5H-one (Nile-Red, NR) and cholesterol (Chol) were obtained from Acros Organics (Acros Organics BVBA, Geel, Belgium). Isopropyl alcohol, Tween 21 (TW21), Tween 80 (TW80), 4-(2hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (Hepes), human plasma (HP) and Nucleopore® track-etched polycarbonate membranes (cut-off 100 and 200 nm, 25 mm) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Oregon Green™ 488 1,2dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (Oregon Green™ 488 DHPE) was obtained by Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, US). All other products and reagents were of analytical grade. HDF (human primary normal dermic fibroblasts), HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma) and HCT-116 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines were obtained from Cell Culture Facility of CEINGE -Biotecnologie Avanzate (Naples, Italy). DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) and McCoy's medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, streptomicyn and L-glutamin, trypsin/EDTA, MTT. Ammonium bicarbonate, dithiothreitol iodoacetamide were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Milano, Italy).
Colloid Blue Stain Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, US). Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS), BDTMP100 blood collection system was obtained by Becton Dickinson (BD, NJ, USA).
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6

Characterization of alpha-pinene and cholesterol-loaded nanoformulations

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Alpha-pinene was purchased from Acros Organics, Germany; cholesterol (Chol) (94%) from Acros organics, GEEL, Belgium; and p-cymene from Fluka, Buch, Switzerland. HP-ß-CD (DS = 5.6) was supplied by Roquette (Lestrem, France). Ammonium molybdate, potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany; methanol HPLC grade from Sigma-Aldrich, France; and triton X-100 from Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA. Sulfuric acid and absolute ethanol were obtained from VWR Pro-labo chemicals, Fontenay-sous-Bois, France; 4-amino-3-hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid from Fluka, Mumbai, India; and hydrogen peroxide from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK. Chol CHOD-POD kit was purchased from Spin react Company, Girona, Spain. Phospholipon 90H (90% soybean PC, 4% lysoPC, 2% triglycerides, 2% water, 0.5% ethanol, iodine value 1) and Lipoid S100 (94% soybean phosphatidylcholine, 3% lysophosphatidylcholine, 0.5% N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine, 0.1% phosphatidylethanolamine, 0.1% phosphatidylinositol, 0.2% ethanol, 2% water) were supplied by Lipoid GmbH, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Dialysis membranes (MWCO 0.5–1 kDa and 8–10 kDa) were obtained from Spectrum Laboratories (Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA).
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7

Formulation and Evaluation of Quercetin-loaded Transdermal Nanocarriers

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Phosphatidylcholine (PC) from soybean source was a gift from LIPOID LLC (Newark, NJ, USA). Kolliphor® P407 (P407) was generously donated by BASF Corporation (Tarrytown, NY, USA). Cholesterol (Chol) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), quercetin (QCT), ethanol, and isopropanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Meloxicam (MX) was supplied from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) was purchased from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade water and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Midland Scientific (Omaha, NE, USA), respectively. 1.1-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil) was procured from AAT Bioquest (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Dermatomed human cadaver skin was obtained from New York Firefighter Skin Bank (NY, USA). All other chemicals used were of reagent grade and purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA).
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8

Transdermal Drug Delivery Formulation

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Soybean lecithin (SL) was purchased from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ). Unsaturated Soybean Phosphatidylcholine (USPC) and Saturated Soybean Phosphatidylcholine (SSPC) were generously donated by LIPOID LLC (Newark, NJ, USA). Cholesterol (Chol) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Meloxicam (MX) was supplied from Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ, USA). Tween® 85, triacetin, oleic acid, ethanol and isopropanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Transcutol® P was kindly donated by Gattefosse (Paramus, NJ, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade water and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Midland Scientific (Omaha, NE, USA), respectively. Dermatomed human cadaver skin was obtained from New York Firefighter Skin Bank (New York, NY, USA). All other chemicals used were of reagent grade and purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA).
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