Milli q plus water treatment system

All the phenolic chemical standards (gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, syringic acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, rutin, sinapic acid, trans-ferulic acid, naringin, 2,3-dimethoxy-benzoic acid, benzoic acid, o-coumaric acid, quercetin, trans-cinnamic acid, naringenin) (purity ˃ 98%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Methanol (HPLC-grade), formic acid (99%), nitric acid (65%, supra-pure metal grade) and sulfuric acid (98%, ultrapure grade) were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents (Milan, Italy). Double-distilled water was obtained using a Millipore Milli-Q Plus water treatment system (Millipore Bedford Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). Standard metal solutions of Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) (1000 mg L⁻¹, suprapure grade), hydrochloric acid (30%) and sodium acetate (anhydrous, analytical grade) were purchased by Merck (Darmstad, Germany). Anthraquinone chemical standards (all ˃99%) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France).

Deuterated water (D₂O) 99.97 atom% of deuterium and 3-(trimethylsilyl)-propionic-2,2,3,3-d₄ acid sodium salt (TSP) were purchased from Euriso-Top (Saclay, France). HPLC-PDA chemical standards, n-hexadecane, HIS, SPM, SPD, PUT, (β-PEA), CAD, TYM and 1,7-diaminoheptane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Methanol (HPLC-grade), chloroform (HPLC-grade), ethanol (analytical-grade), perchloric acid (70%), acetone (analytical-grade), acetonitrile (HPLC-grade) were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagenti (Milan, Italy). Double-distilled water was obtained using a Millipore Milli-Q Plus water treatment system (Millipore Bedford Corp., Bedford, MA, USA). Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃; 99.999% purity), Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, tannic acid (Ph. Eur. purity) and aluminium chloride hexahydrate (AlCl₃ × 6 H₂O; Ph. Eur. purity) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Cannabinoids reference standards in methanol CBDV (1 mg/mL), CBG (1 mg/mL), CBD (1 mg/mL), CBN (1 mg/mL), (–)-Δ⁹-THC (0.1 mg/mL) and CBC (1 mg/mL) with purity ≥99%, were purchased from Cerilliant Corporation (Round Rock, TX, USA). For mobile phase, gradient grade water (H₂O) and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) as well as trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and analytical grade ethanol used for the extraction procedure. All solvents were further filtered on a 0.2 μm filter.

The DES was composed of choline chloride (ChCl) (purity ≥99%) obtained from Gentham Life Science, UK, and D (−)fructose (Fru) (purity ≥99%) purchased from Acros Organics, United States. The solvents, such as methanol (purity ≥99.9%), acetonitrile (purity ≥99.9%) and water (LC-MS grade), were obtained from Honeywell, Germany. The chemical standards were obtained as follows: piceatannol (purity ≥98%), epicatechin (purity ≥98%), procyanidin B1 (purity ≥98%), (−)-epigallocatechin (purity ≥98%) and taxifolin (purity ≥98%) from Chem Faces, China; isorhapontin (purity ≥98%) from Toronto Research Chemicals, Canada; 4-coumaric acid (purity ≥98%) and (+)-catechin (purity ≥98%) from Extrasynthese, France. Ultra-pure water was obtained using a Millipore Milli-Q Plus water treatment system (Millipore Bedford Corp., Bedford, MA).

Deuterated water (D₂O) 99.97% D, methanol-D₄ 99.80% D, chloroform-D 99.80% D + 0.03% Tetramethylsilane (TMS), and 3-(trimethylsilyl)-propionic-2,2,3,3-d₄ acid sodium salt (TSP) were purchased from Euriso–Top (Saclay, France). Anhydrous sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), anhydrous potassium phosphate dibasic, anhydrous potassium phosphate monobasic and HPLC chemical standards (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and galacturonic acid) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (HPLC-grade), chloroform (HPLC-grade), and glacial acetic acid were purchased from Carlo Erba Reagenti (Milan, Italy). Double-distilled water was obtained using a Millipore Milli-Q Plus water treatment system (Millipore Bedford Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).

Bifonazole, butoconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, terconazole, tioconazole, voriconazole and benzyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (Internal Standard, IS) (>98% purity grade), sodium phosphate monobasic and sodium phosphate dibasic (>99% purity grade), phosphoric acid (90% purity grade) and trichloroacetic acid (>99% purity grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).
The commercial drugs were obtained from a local Pharmacy after medical prescription. Both HPLC-grade Acetonitrile (AcN) and methanol (MeOH) were supplied by Carlo Erba (Milan, Italy) and were used without further purification. The water for HPLC analysis was generated by using a Millipore Milli-Q Plus water treatment system (Millipore Bedford Corp., Bedford, MA). Oasis HLB (1 mL, 30 mg) and Sep-Pak (1 mL, 50 mg) were obtained from Waters (Milford, MA), while Strata-X (1 mL, 30 mg) was purchased from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA). MEPS device (syringe) and replacement needle with C₁₈ stationary phase were purchased from SGE Analytical Science (Melbourne, Australia).