Surface area and pore volume of the composites were determined using a Micromeritics Tristar II. The samples for surface area analysis were prepared by solvent exchange and critical point drying (CPD). Briefly, after removing excess water, the composites were solvent exchanged in acetone for 72 h. Acetone was periodically changed during this process. Immediately after this process, the samples were transferred into a Leica EM CPD300 for CPD in liquid CO 2 . After drying, the samples were immediately transferred to the Micromeritics Tristar II device for nitrogen sorption measurements.
Tristar 2
Manufactured by Micromeritics
Sourced in United States
The TriStar II is a surface area and porosity analyzer that utilizes the gas adsorption technique to measure the surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution of solid materials. It is capable of analyzing a wide range of materials, including powders, fibers, films, and monoliths. The TriStar II provides detailed information about the physical properties of the sample, which can be important for various applications such as catalyst development, adsorbent characterization, and materials science research.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Jem 2010, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Jem 2100 electron microscope, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Miniflex 600, by Rigaku (2 mentions)
Ftir spectrometer, by Jasco (2 mentions)
K alpha, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Verios 460, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Xflash 6130, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Smartlab, by Rigaku (2 mentions)
X pert pro, by Malvern Panalytical (2 mentions)
Spectrum gx, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Flowprep 060, by Micromeritics (2 mentions)
Jem 2100f, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Em cpd300, by Leica (1 mentions)
Jem 1200ex, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Escalab 250xi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Litesizer 500, by Anton Paar (1 mentions)
Vector 22, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Tm4000plus, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Ft ir 4100 type a spectrometer, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Tga n 1000 instrument, by Scinco (1 mentions)
66 protocols using tristar 2
1
Determining Surface Area and Pore Volume
2
Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Iron-Doped Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
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The particle size and size distribution were measured by Dynamic light scattering (litesizer500, Anton-Paar, Austria). The morphology of the MSN NPs, HMON NPs and Fe-HMON NPs was observed by transmission electron microscopy (JEM-1200EX, JEOL, Japan). X-ray diffraction (D/MAX-2550 PC, Rigaku Inc., Japan) pattern was using Cu Kα radiation with 2θ range of 10°-80°. The valence state of iron analysis was performed on the x-ray photoelectron spectrometer (ESCALAB 250Xi, Thermo Fisher Scientific, UK). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (VECTOR22, Bruker, Germany) of nanoparticles was performed in the range from 400 to 4000 cm−1. The distributions and proportions of silicon (Si), oxygen (O), iron (Fe), and sulphur (S) were performed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy elemental mapping (X-MAXn65 T, Oxford, UK). The nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiment was tested by using a Micromeritics Tristar II analyser (Tristar II, Micromeritics, USA). The surface areas and average pore size distributions were calculated by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) methods.
3
Characterization of Textural Properties
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Textural properties were characterised by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms using a Micromeritics TriStar II volumetric adsorption analyser (Micromeritics Instrument Corporation, Atlanta, GA, USA) measured at −196 °C. Before the measurements, samples were dried and degassed for 12 h at 100 °C for calcined samples. Specific surface areas of material were calculated by applying the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method in the relative pressure range between 0.05 and 0.2. The total pore volume was calculated from the amount of gas adsorption at P/P0 = 0.95.
4
Nitrogen Adsorption Analysis of MSN
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Nitrogen isotherms were measured at liquid nitrogen temperature using a Micromeritics TriStar II volumetric adsorption analyzer (Micromeritics Instrument Corporation, GA, USA). Prior to measuring, the MSN were outgassed for 3 h at 200 °C. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation was used to calculate the surface area from the adsorption data obtained in the relative pressure range of 0.05 to 0.3. The total pore volume was calculated from the amount of gas adsorbed at 0.91 (P/P0) and the pore size distribution curves were derived using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method.
5
Comprehensive Characterization of Alg/BC Hydrogel
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Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted from 25 to 900 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min under N2 using a TGA N-1000 instrument (Scinco Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area was investigated by N2 sorption using TriStar II (Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements were performed by averaging 16 scans per spectrum in the range of 4000–700 cm−1 (resolution, 4 cm−1; scanning interval, 1 cm−1) using an FT/IR-4100 type A spectrometer (Jasco International Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The surfaces of the samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, TM4000 Plus, Hitachi Co., Tokyo, Japan). The functional groups and morphology of the Alg/BC hydrogel beads were analyzed by FTIR and SEM after being frozen at −70 °C and dried at −80 °C under vacuum. The biochar content of the Alg/BC hydrogel beads was measured by dissolving alginate in 100 mM sodium citrate at 60 °C for 24 h. The remaining biochar was weighed after washing with DW and drying at 60 °C.
6
Comprehensive Characterization of Novel Materials
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X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were carried on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer equipped with Cu Kα (λ = 1.5406 Å) radiation and a LynxEye Detector. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed on a Kratos-AXIS UL TRA DLD with Al Kα radiation source. Raman spectra were tested by a Jobin Yvon HR 800 micro-Raman spectrometer at 457.9 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization was studied on a JEM-2100 electron microscope (JEOL) with an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of were performed by using a Micromeritics TriStar II.
7
BET Surface Area Analysis of HA/βTCP Composites
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Example 5
Procedure
For BET surface area by gas physisorption, the analysis was conducted using the Micromeritics TriStar II instrument. Briefly, a representative aliquot of sample (approximately 2 g) was added to a sample cell with 0.5″ neck. To remove moisture from the sample surfaces and pores, the sample was degassed under vacuum at 40° C. for 16 hours prior to analysis. Analysis was conducted at 77.35K using nitrogen gas as the adsorbate. Saturation pressure of nitrogen was measured by the instrument throughout the experiment. Adsorption and desorption process was allowed to equilibrate at each relative pressure (P/PO) for 20 seconds. The surface area was calculated from 5 adsorption points in the P/PO range of 0.05-0.20 using the BET method.
Results
BET surface area are mentioned in Table 4. The data suggests that the needle-like or nanorod-like formations on the granule surface lead to increase in their specific surface area.
8
Characterization of PUU Microparticles
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The quantity of isocyanate groups of PUU microparticles was determined immediately after synthesis by a chemical method [30] . FT-IR analysis was performed by using a Perkin Elmer FRONTIER FT-IR spectrometer. The size and morphology of microparticles were assessed by using a scanning electron microscope Hitachi SU 70 and an optical microscope Olympus BX 51. The surface area and porosity of the PUU microparticles were determined by using a Micromeritics Tristar II instrument. The samples were degassed at 140°C for 2 h prior to the experiments to eliminate any volatile compounds from the lyophilized PUU microparticles. The surface area was evaluated by using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model from the isotherm analysis in the relative pressure range of 0.05-0.22. The total pore volume was determined from the adsorption isotherm at the relative pressure of 0.98. The pore size distributions were derived from the desorption branch by using the Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) model.
9
BET Surface Area Analysis of Hydroxyapatite-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites
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Example 5
Procedure
For BET surface area by gas physisorption, the analysis was conducted using the Micromeritics TriStar II instrument. Briefly, a representative aliquot of sample (approximately 2 g) was added to a sample cell with 0.5″ neck. To remove moisture from the sample surfaces and pores, the sample was degassed under vacuum at 40° C. for 16 hours prior to analysis. Analysis was conducted at 77.35K using nitrogen gas as the adsorbate. Saturation pressure of nitrogen was measured by the instrument throughout the experiment. Adsorption and desorption process was allowed to equilibrate at each relative pressure (P/P0) for 20 seconds. The surface area was calculated from 5 adsorption points in the P/P0 range of 0.05-0.20 using the BET method.
Results
BET surface area are mentioned in Table 4. The data suggests that the needle-like or nanorod-like formations on the granule surface lead to increase in their specific surface area.
10
Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles
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To analyse the chemical structure of the particles, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR; instrument Thermo Nicolet iS10 FTIR Spectrometer, United States) was utilized in a wavenumber range between 4,000–500 cm−1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Carl Zeiss AG-EVO® 50 Series, Germany) was used to obtain particles’ morphologies, while Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM/EDX) analysis determined the elemental composition of structure semi-quantitatively. Electron spin resonance (ESR; Bruker ELEXSYS E580, China) device was used to determine the particles’ magnetic properties. Material is subjected to a magnetic field, which induces orientations in the electron spin. The magnitude of the magnetic field and the material’s temperature result in diverse spin orientations. The g factor, the spectroscopic cleavage, is calculated according to the following equation (Araujo et al., 2015 (link)). Where h is the Planck constant (6.626 × 10−27 erg s); β is the Bohr magneton (×9.274 10−21 erg G−1); ν is the frequency (9.707 × 109 Hz), and Hr is the resonance of magnetic field (G).
Specific surface area analysis was measured using a surface analyzer (Micromeritics TriStar II, United States) by applying the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model (using N2 adsorption) (Mohan et al., 2020 (link)).
Specific surface area analysis was measured using a surface analyzer (Micromeritics TriStar II, United States) by applying the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model (using N2 adsorption) (Mohan et al., 2020 (link)).
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