The PCR cycling conditions followed those reported by Ramadan et al.15 (link) The V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified using the following primers with included Illumina adaptor, as follows:
Forward Primer.
5'TCGTCGGCAGCGTCAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGCCTACGGGNGGCWGCAG3'.
Reverse Primer.
5'GTCTCGTGGGCTCGGAGATGTGTATAAGAGACAGGACTACHVGGGTATCTAATCC'.
Validation of the size and quality of the amplified products was done using 1% agarose gel. Amplicons were purified by the Agencourt XP Ampure Beads (Beckman Coulter, USA). Finally, PCR amplicons of negative controls and fecal samples were sent to IGA Technology Services in Udine, Italy, where they were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform (Illumina, USA).