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8 protocols using 4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole dilactate dapi

1

Multiparametric Immune Cell Analysis

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All antibodies were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA) unless noted otherwise. FcR blocking was performed with anti-CD16/32 antibody prior to staining with various combinations of the following antibodies: anti-CD4 (RM4–5), -CD25 (PC61), -Foxp3 (FJK-16s) (eBioscience, San Diego, CA) -CD80 (16–10A1) -CD86 (GL-1), -I-A/I-E (M5/114.15.2). Viability was assessed with fixable violet dead cell stain kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) or 4′,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dilactate (DAPI) (Biolegend). Foxp3 staining was performed with the Foxp3 Staining Buffer Set according to the manufacturer’s protocol (eBioscience). Flow cytometric data were collected using a Beckman Coulter CyAn ADP Analyzer. Analysis was performed using FlowJo software (FlowJo, Ashland, OR).
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2

Quantifying Cell Viability using Flow Cytometry

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All flow cytometry measurements were performed on a MACSQuant 10 cytometer (Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA). Data analysis was performed with FlowJo (10.8.1). Cell viability was assessed by staining cells with Annexin V (Biolegend, CAT# 640945) and 4’,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dilactate (DAPI) (Biolegend, CAT# 422801), viable cells were defined as cells staining negative for both DAPI and Annexin V. To compare flow cytometry data with mass data (Fig. 5 and Supplementary Fig. 9), subsets of 2500 cells were randomly sampled from each flow cytometry data set 1000 times to define a 95% confidence interval for cell viability readouts. These measurements were then compared to the control condition using a 3% limit of decision (described above for mass response measurements) to determine p values. To faithfully compare the magnitude of response between flow cytometry and mass readouts, the y-axis limit for mass response measurements was determined by finding the mass response between image events classified as “Cells” versus “Permeable” within the control population of cells measured for each experiment as a proxy for 100% viability loss as determined by flow cytometry (Supplementary Fig. 4).
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3

Isolation and Characterization of CD1a+ Cells

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PBMCs were thawed and plated at a density of ~ 1.5 x 106 cells/ml in complete T cell media (Fisher Scientific - 61870127) supplemented with 8% human AB serum (Sigma-Aldrich H4522) and 1 ng/ml IL-15 (Peprotech - 200–15). The following day, cells were washed with staining buffer (PBS 2%FBS), incubated at a concentration of max. 0.5 x 106 cells in 25 µl of buffer, and 1 µl of CD1a tetramer for 30 minutes at 20–25°C. Without washing, 0.1 µg of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3, BioLegend - 317325) was added in a 10 µl volume and the sample was incubated at 37°C for 10 minutes. Finally, fluorescently-labelled surface antibodies were added to the staining mix: CD14 BV421 (Biolegend - 301830), CD19 BV421 (Biolegend 302234), CD3 BB515 (BD 564466), CD4 Pe-cy7 (Biolegend 300515) and incubated on ice for 20 minutes. 4’,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dilactate (DAPI) (Biolegend, 422801) was used to exclude dead cells. A BD Influx analyzer was used for the FACS-sorting of the tetramer positive cells. Flowjo v10 was used to analyze flowcytometry data.
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4

Isolation and Characterization of Circulating Neutrophils

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Peripheral blood was drawn into 3.8% sodium citrate anticoagulant monovettes and separated by density gradient centrifugation (Biocoll density 1.077 g/mL, Biochrome). The mononuclear cell fraction was discarded, and neutrophils were isolated by sedimentation over 1% polyvinyl alcohol, followed by hypotonic (0.2% NaCl) lysis of erythrocytes. In view of the emerging diversity of circulating neutrophil subtypes in humans, it should be noted that high-density neutrophils were investigated in this study.
The purity of the isolated neutrophils (>95%) was estimated with flow cytometry after staining with anti-CD66b (Beckman Coulter, Krefeld, Germany). Viability Dye eFluor™ 780 (eBioscience, Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) or 4′,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dilactate (DAPI) (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA) were used to determine viable cells. (Supplementary Figure S1A). Data were collected and analyzed with the BD FACS Canto system and BD FACS Diva 6.0 software (BD Biosciences, BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA).
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5

Isolation and Analysis of Muscle Single Cells

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To prepare single cell suspension, muscles were dissected from mice and finely minced with a scalpel in a dish containing DMEM, as previously described [12 (link)]. Next, minced muscles were digested in a solution of Collagenase type IV (Worthington, Lakewood, NJ, USA) 1 mg/mLin DMEM, (10 mL/g of muscle) for 1h 30 min in shaking water bath at 37 °C. Then, digested muscles were passed through a 70 µm cell strainer first and then through a 40 µm cell strainer, to exclude cell debris. Muscle single cell suspension was then resuspended in FACS buffer (PBS 1% FBS) and incubated 30 min on ice with the following antibodies: anti-CD45 (Biolegend, clone 30-F11, 1:6000), anti-Ly6G (eBioscience, clone 1A8 and clone RB6-8C5, 1:3000), anti-Ly6c (Biolegend, clone HK1.4, 1:100), anti-F4/80 (Biolegend, clone BM8, 1:1000), anti-CD206 (MMR) (Biolegend, clone C068C2, 1:50), anti-CD11b (Biolegend, clone M1/70, 1:3000). Cell viability was assessed with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dilactate (DAPI) (BioLegend).
For CFSE analysis isolated SCs were stained with CFSE (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) 5 µm for 20′ at 37 °C in dark prior to culture. Samples were processed using a Dako CyAn ADP flow cytometer and acquired data were analyzed using FlowJo software version 10 (FlowJo LLC, Ashland, OR, USA).
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6

Muscle Single-Cell Isolation Protocol

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Muscle single-cell suspensions were obtained as previously described [13 (link), 24 (link)]. Briefly, mice were killed by cervical dislocation and perfused with PBS, and the hind limb musculature (tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius) was excised, weighed, cut into 1-mm pieces and digested with 1 mg/ml Collagenase type 4 (Worthington) for 1.5 h in a pre-warmed (37 °C) water bath with agitation. Muscles from each mouse were processed individually. The digested muscle preparation was first passed through a 70 μm cell strainer (BD Falcon) and then through a 40 μm cell strainer, washed in Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM)/10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and resuspended in FACS buffer (PBS 1%FBS). Single cells were counted with a hemocytometer and incubated with anti-CD16/32 (clone 93, Biolegend) to block non-specific binding to Fc receptors. Samples were then stained with the relevant antibodies anti-CD45 (clone 30-F11); anti-Ly6C (clone HK14); anti-Ly6g (clone 1A8); anti-F4/80 (clone BM8) all from Biolegend). Cell viability was assessed with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dilactate (DAPI) (Biolegend). Samples were acquired with a CyAn ADP (DAKO), and acquired data were analyzed using FlowJo software version 10.
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7

Immunophenotyping of T Cell Subsets

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Antibodies were purchased from BioLegend. Flow cytometry was performed using a Beckman Coulter CytoFLEX S. Analysis was performed using FlowJo software. Anti-CD16/32 antibody was used to block nonspecific binding before staining with CD4 (RM4–4) and CD25 (PC61). Cell viability was measured with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dilactate (DAPI) (Biolegend).
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8

Flow Cytometry-Based T Cell Analysis

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Antibodies were purchased from BioLegend. Flow cytometry was performed using a Beckman Coulter CytoFLEX S. Analysis was performed using FlowJo software. Anti‐CD16/32 antibody was used to block nonspecific binding before staining with CD4 (RM4‐4) and CD25 (PC61). Cell viability was measured with 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole, dilactate (DAPI) (Biolegend).
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