2 2 azobis 2 methyl propanimidamide

Dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2,2,-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2′-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), catechin hydrate, nitrotetrazolium blue chloride, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and Trolox were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from RCI Labscan (Bangkok, Thailand). Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium persulfate (K₂S₂O₈), ethylenediaminetetraAcetic acid (EDTA), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (ferric chloride), and sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) were purchased from KAMAUS (New South Wales, Australia). Gallic acid was purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Solvents, including methanol, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, were purchased from J. T. Baker (Radnor, PA, USA). Other agents utilized were analytical-grade substances that were bought from commercial sources. During sample preparation, dilution, and pre-analytical rinses, deionized water was utilized.

Solutions of 80% (v/v) methanol and 80% (v/v) acetone were prepared from analytical grade reagents. The chemicals were sodium carbonate, citric acid, boric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, lanthanum (III) chloride, and sodium hydroxide (Scharlau). Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8, -tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid), 2,2′-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (FCR), and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co (Taufkirchen, Germany). Water was prepared using a Water Still Aquatron A4000 distiller. Standard references for phenolic compounds were from Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MI, USA.