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Qdr 4500a fan beam densitometer

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The QDR-4500A is a fan-beam densitometer manufactured by Hologic. It is a medical imaging device used to measure bone mineral density.

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Lab products found in correlation

704 multichannel analyzer, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions) Discovery model a, by Hologic (1 mentions) Beckman synchron lx20, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions) Radioimmunoassay kit, by DiaSorin (1 mentions) Apex v3, by Hologic (1 mentions) Horizon model a densimeter, by Hologic (1 mentions) Apex software version 4, by Hologic (1 mentions) Discovery model a densitometer, by Hologic (1 mentions) Apex version 4, by Hologic (1 mentions)

22 protocols using qdr 4500a fan beam densitometer

1

Longitudinal Bone Density Monitoring

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The femur scans and spine scans were acquired with Hologic QDR-4500A fan-beam densitometers (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) and software version Discovery v12.4 in 2005–2006 through 2009–2010. Whole body scans were taken with Hologic QDR-4500A fan-beam densitometer (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA, USA) and Hologic software version 8.26:a3* in 2005–2006. Measurements include bone mineral content (BMC) (g) and bone area (cm2). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) (g/cm2) was calculated as follows: aBMD (g/cm2) = BMC (g)/bone area (cm2). Total spine BMD included L1–L4 vertebra BMD. Total spine bone mineral apparent density (BMAD, g/cm3) was also calculated as follows: Total spine BMAD (g/cm3) = (BMC1 + BMC2 + BMC3 + BMC4)/(V1 + V2 + V3 + V4), where BMCn is the BMC of the nth vertebrae, and Vn is the volume of the nth individual vertebra = bone arean1.5 (13 (link), 14 (link)).
Longitudinal monitoring was conducted through the daily spine phantom scans as required by the manufacturer and the once-weekly femur phantom scans in order to correct any scanner-related changes in participant data. The circulating HSP-Q96 and block phantoms, which were scanned at the start of operations at each site, provided additional data for use in longitudinal monitoring and cross calibration.
Ma C.M, & Yin F.Z. (2021). The Relationship Between Prediabetes and Bone Mass in Adolescents: Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey From 2005 to 2010. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 749998.
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2

NHANES Femoral and Spinal BMD Measurements

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Femoral and spinal BMD measurements were conducted using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the NHANES. For femoral BMD, Hologic QDR-4500A fan-beam densitometers (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts) were used in all five cycles. As for spinal BMD, Hologic QDR-4500A fan-beam densitometers were used in the 2005-2010 cycles and Hologic Discovery model A densitometers (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts) were used in the 2013-2014 and 2017-2018 cycles. The initial analysis of femoral and spinal BMD scans was performed using Hologic Discovery v12.4 software and then reanalyzed using Hologic APEX v3.0 software in the 2005-2008 cycles. Subsequently, the scans were analyzed with Hologic APEX v3.0 software in the 2009-2010 cycle, and with Hologic APEX v4.0 software in the 2013-2014 and 2017-2018 cycles.
Yang Y., Zeng J., Zhang T., Wang J., Fan X., Wang Q., Wang X., Qi Z, & Fang Y. (2023). Association between resolved hepatitis B virus infection and femoral and spinal bone mineral density in American adults: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1237618.
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3

Whole-Body DXA for Pediatric Body Composition

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Body fat was estimated by whole-body DXA scans (Hologic QDR 4500A fan-beam densitometer; Discovery software version 12.1) administered to participants 8 years of age and older, excluding pregnant females and participants who reported taking tests with radiographic contrast material in the preceding 72 hours, who had participated in nuclear medicine studies in the previous 3 days, or who had a self-reported weight or height over the DXA table limit such as weight > 300 pounds or 136 kg; height > 6’5” or 196 cm (18 ). DXA is considered a quick, accurate, precise, low-risk approach to assess body composition and is often used as a gold standard method in field studies (5 (link), 6 (link)).
In our analysis, we focused on %BF; high %BF was defined based on the age- and sex-specific %BF being ≥ 75th percentile for this population. The 75th percentile of %BF in 2001– 2004 was equivalent to a %BF of 26–33% in boys and 36–38% in girls (Table 1). Population-specific percentiles of %BF has been used by other authors (13 (link), 14 (link)) because there is no agreement about pediatric body fat cut points (7 (link)). We chose not to use fat mass (kg) as a study outcome because of the additional complexity in data analysis and interpretation due to its variation by body weight (5 (link)).
Tuan N.T, & Wang Y. (2014). Adiposity assessments: agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric measures in US children1-3. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 22(6), 1495-1504.
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4

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry for Bone Density

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Bone mineral density was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Full information regarding NHANES femoral and vertebral DXA eligibility, protocol, and
quality control is publicly available for the 2007–2010 cycles (9 , 10 ). Briefly,
respondents 8 years and older, who were not pregnant, had no recent contrast media or
nuclear medicine scans, and weighed no more than 300 lbs were eligible for inclusion.
All DXA examinations took place at mobile examination centers. Bone mineral content (g)
and bone area (cm2) were measured in the proximal femur (subregions: femoral
neck, trochanter, and intertrochanter) and lumbar spine (subregions: L1–L4)
using a Hologic QDR-4500A fan-beam densitometer (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA). Bone
mineral density was calculated by dividing the sum of subregion bone mineral content by
the sum of subregion bone area. In this manner, DXA-derived BMD is an approximation of
mass per volume based on a two-dimensional rendering, hence g/cm2 versus
g/cm3. Measurements were performed by certified radiographic technicians
who were periodically monitored in the field. Quality control calibration scans were
performed daily. Images were reviewed using Hologic Discovery v12.4 (Hologic, Inc). BMD
data were reported to the thousandths of a g/cm2.
Whitfield G.P., Kohrt W.M., Pettee Gabriel K.K., Rahbar M.H, & Kohl HW I.I.I. (2015). Bone Mineral Density across a Range of Physical Activity Volumes: NHANES 2007–2010. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 47(2), 326-334.
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5

Comprehensive Anthropometric and Adiposity Assessment

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Anthropometric and adiposity measurements were obtained by trained staff at the Mobile Examination Center. Weight was measured using a digital scale with minimal clothing and shoes removed. BMI was calculated as the ratio of weight (in kilograms) to height (in meters) squared. Waist circumference was measured along the horizontal plane level with the intersection of the right iliac crest and midaxillary line. Total body fat and trunk fat mass were measured using whole body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans taken with a Hologic QDR-4500A fan-beam densitometer (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts). Percent total body fat and percent trunk fat mass were calculated as fat mass (total body or trunk) divided by total mass (whole body or truncal region), multiplied by 100. Fat mass index was calculated as the ratio of fat mass (in kilograms) to height (in meters) squared. Multiply imputed DXA datasets were used, per National Center for Health Statistics recommendations, to obtain unbiased estimates with accurate standard errors (15 ).
Dettmer K., Saunders B, & Strang J. (2001). Take home naloxone and the prevention of deaths from opiate overdose: two pilot schemes. BMJ : British Medical Journal, 322(7291), 895-896.
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6

Whole-Body DXA for Pediatric Body Composition

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Body fat was estimated by whole-body DXA scans (Hologic QDR 4500A fan-beam densitometer; Discovery software version 12.1) administered to participants 8 years of age and older, excluding pregnant females and participants who reported taking tests with radiographic contrast material in the preceding 72 hours, who had participated in nuclear medicine studies in the previous 3 days, or who had a self-reported weight or height over the DXA table limit such as weight > 300 pounds or 136 kg; height > 6’5” or 196 cm (18 ). DXA is considered a quick, accurate, precise, low-risk approach to assess body composition and is often used as a gold standard method in field studies (5 (link), 6 (link)).
In our analysis, we focused on %BF; high %BF was defined based on the age- and sex-specific %BF being ≥ 75th percentile for this population. The 75th percentile of %BF in 2001– 2004 was equivalent to a %BF of 26–33% in boys and 36–38% in girls (Table 1). Population-specific percentiles of %BF has been used by other authors (13 (link), 14 (link)) because there is no agreement about pediatric body fat cut points (7 (link)). We chose not to use fat mass (kg) as a study outcome because of the additional complexity in data analysis and interpretation due to its variation by body weight (5 (link)).
Tuan N.T, & Wang Y. (2014). Adiposity assessments: agreement between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometric measures in US children1-3. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 22(6), 1495-1504.
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7

Dietary Ca:P Ratio and Bone Density

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The NHANES 2005 to 2006 used DXA measurements of the proximal femur and lumbar vertebrae for adult US participants. In accordance with the Hip Structural Analysis Program [20 (link)], scans were taken, not only of the BMD of the hip, but also of the structural geometry of cross-sections traversing the proximal femur at three specific locations, the narrow neck, intertrochanteric region, and shaft. Trained and certified technologists performed the DXA measurements on the proximal and lumber scans, using the Hologic QDR-4500A fan beam densitometer (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA). These measurements were nationally representative of the US population with a BMI < 30 kg/m2.
We derived quintiles for the dietary Ca:P ratio stratified by sex and age groups. Each quintile contained 20% of the subgroup’s members. We tested the hypothesis that a low dietary Ca:P ratio would adversely affect the BMD at the two fracture specific sites in the quintiles of older adults using regression analysis with BMI as a covariate. We also performed BMI-adjusted regression analyses using dietary Ca:P ratio as a continuous variable rather than categorized into quintiles.
Anderson J.J., Adatorwovor R., Roggenkamp K, & Suchindran C.M. (2017). Lack of Influence of Calcium/Phosphorus Ratio on Hip and Lumbar Bone Mineral Density in Older Americans: NHANES 2005-2006 Cross-Sectional Data. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 1(5), 407-414.
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8

Measuring Serum Uric Acid and Bone Density

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As the exposure variable of this study, SUA was measured using Roche Hitachi Model 917 or 704 Multichannel Analyzer between 1999 and 2001, and Beckman Synchron LX20 since 2002. As described in prior studies26 (link),27 (link), the coefficient of variation for SUA measurements in each cycle was approximately 2%, suggesting good repeatability. The outcome of interest was lumber spine BMD, which was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with a Hologic QDR-4500A fan-beam densitometer (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts). All measurements were performed by NHANES well-trained and certified radiology technologists.
Li X., Li L., Yang L., Yang J, & Lu H. (2021). No association between serum uric acid and lumbar spine bone mineral density in US adult males: a cross sectional study. Scientific Reports, 11, 15588.
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9

Measuring Bone Mineral Density via DXA

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BMD was assessed utilizing a Hologic QDR-4500A fan-beam densitometer and dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA; Hologic, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts), which are commonly used for assessing and treating osteoporosis. BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorption (DXA) images obtained using Apex 3.2 software and a Hologic Discovery model A densitometer (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts). All measurements were conducted by NHANES radiological technologists with extensive training and certification.
Zhan H., Liu X., Piao S., Rong X, & Guo J. (2023). Association between triglyceride-glucose index and bone mineral density in US adults: a cross sectional study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 810.
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10

Investigating Total Body BMD: Serum Calcium and Vitamin D

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In this study, the dependent variable was total BMD, and the independent variables were serum calcium and 25(OH)D levels. All subjects included in the present study received dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) total body scans. For the 2001-2006 cycles, total BMD was measured using the DXA scans obtained from a QDR-4500A fanbeam densitometer (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts) by trained and certified radiologic technologists. The Beckman Synchron LX20 (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA) was used to determine serum calcium, and a radioimmunoassay kit (DiaSorin, Stillwater, Minnesota, USA) was used to determine serum 25(OH)D for the 2001-2006 cycles.
The following variables were selected as potential confounders: age, gender, race/ethnicity, physical activity (based on suggested metabolic equivalent rank) [20] , income to poverty ratio, body mass index, and calcium supplementation use. Detailed information on serum calcium, and 25(OH)D levels, total BMD, and other variables can be found at www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/.
Pan K., Tu R., Yao X, & Zhu Z. (2021). Associations between serum calcium, 25(OH)D level and bone mineral density in adolescents. Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 61(1).
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