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31 g needle

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The 31 G needle is a laboratory equipment item used for various procedures. It is a small-gauge needle designed for precision tasks. The core function of this product is to provide a fine-tipped tool for handling and transferring small volumes of liquids or materials in a laboratory setting.

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Lab products found in correlation

Veet hair removal cream, by Reckitt Benckiser (1 mentions) 6 0 polypropylene suture, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions) Ultra fine insulin syringe, by BD (1 mentions) Ultra low attachment 6 well plate, by Corning (1 mentions) Dmem f12, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Hepes, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Anti human cd44 antibody, by BioLegend (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

BD Ultra-Fine 6 mm × 31 G needle (4 citations)

10 protocols using 31 g needle

1

Systemic Delivery of Recombinant AAV2/PHP.eB Particles

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Recombinant AAV2/PHP.eB particles were produced at the University of Iowa, Viral Core Facility. The following titers were obtained:
AAV2/PHP.eB-CBh-eGFP-WPRE-SV40pA = 6.9e12 vg/mL
AAV2/PHP.eB-hSYN-eGFP-WPRE-hGH = 1.2e13 vg/mL
AAV2/PHP.eB-hSYN-C8S9-HA-FokI NEL-eGFP-9.5RVD = 5.2e12 vg/mL
AAV2/PHP.eB-hSYN-C8S9-Flag-FokI CKK-11.5RVD = 3.9e13 vg/mL
Toe DNA of heteroplasmic tRNAAla mice were obtained at P5, before performing the injections to determine basal levels of heteroplasmy. For systemic delivery, mice at P16/18 were subjected to retro-orbital injection with 2.0–4.0e13 vg/kg in a 40-μL final volume in saline. When injecting mitoTALEN, both monomers were delivered together (total 4e13 (link) vg/kg). All injections were carried out using a short insulin syringe with a 31G needle (Becton Dickenson). Tail tissue was obtained before injection. At 6, 12, and 24 weeks after injection, mice were deeply anesthetized and perfused with chilled PBS, and skeletal, cardiac tissues, liver, kidney samples and different areas of the brain (cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum/midbrain, and spinal cord) were obtained.
Bacman S.R., Barrera-Paez J.D., Pinto M., Van Booven D., Stewart J.B., Griswold A.J, & Moraes C.T. (2024). mitoTALEN reduces the mutant mtDNA load in neurons. Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids, 35(1), 102132.
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2

Intramuscular Gene Delivery in Dmd Mice

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Intramuscular delivery of 5 × 1011 vgs to 1 × 1012 vgs of vector in physiological saline (40 μL) was performed via longitudinal injection into TA muscles of 8-week-old male Dmd-knockout mice anesthetized with 2%–4% isoflurane. Muscles were injected using an ultra-fine insulin syringe with a 31G needle (Becton Dickinson). As a negative control, C57BL/6J and Dmd knockout mice were injected with physiological saline only. We used 40 μL of AAV to deliver AAV to whole TA muscles. To confirm the injection target, the corresponding tendon reflexes were carefully checked.
Koo T., Lu-Nguyen N.B., Malerba A., Kim E., Kim D., Cappellari O., Cho H.Y., Dickson G., Popplewell L, & Kim J.S. (2018). Functional Rescue of Dystrophin Deficiency in Mice Caused by Frameshift Mutations Using Campylobacter jejuni Cas9. Molecular Therapy, 26(6), 1529-1538.
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3

Targeted Gene Editing in Mitochondria via AAV9

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Recombinant AAV2/9 (here referred to as AAV9) particles were produced by the University of Iowa Viral Core Facility from our designed AAV-mitoTALENs constructs. To achieve intramuscular delivery, adult mice (8–12 weeks old) were injected in the right tibialis anterior, after fur depilation, with 1.0–1.5 × 1012 vector genome (vg) of each AAV9-mitoTALENs and the same titer with AAV9-GFP (left tibialis anterior/control leg) (final volume 40 μl in saline). For systemic delivery, mice at P3 were subjected to intraperitoneal or P15/P17 retro-orbital injection with 1.0–1.5 × 1012 vg of each AAV9-mitoTALENs in a 40 μl final volume in saline or control AAV-GFP. All injections were carried out using a short insulin syringe with a 31G needle (Becton Dickenson). Tail tissue was obtained at P21 and finger tissue at P3, before performing the injections to determine basal levels of heteroplasmy. At 4, 6, 10, 12, and 24 weeks post-injection, mice were anesthetized and perfused with chilled PBS, and skeletal and cardiac tissues, liver, kidney, brain, and lung samples were obtained. For histological studies, skeletal muscle was embedded in Optimal Cutting Temperature compound (OCT, Fisher Biosciences), fresh-frozen in liquid-nitrogen-cooled isopentane solution and stored at −80 °C. All the procedures with mice were approved by the University of Miami Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
Bacman S.R., Kauppila J.H., Pereira C.V., Nissanka N., Miranda M., Pinto M., Williams S.L., Larsson N.G., Stewart J.B, & Moraes C.T. (2018). MitoTALEN reduces mutant mtDNA load and restores tRNAAla levels in a mouse model of heteroplasmic mtDNA mutation. Nature medicine, 24(11), 1696-1700.
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4

Mouse Ear Skin Inflammation Induction

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Mice were anaesthetized with an intra-peritoneal injection of ketamine-xylazine (15 mg mL−1 ketamine and 1 mg mL−1 xylazine dissolved in sterile water; 8 μL g−1 bodyweight). Ears were depilated using the Veet hair removal cream (Reckitt Benckiser), and placed on a custom-built platform with regulated heating for the mouse body (36.5 °C) and mouse ear (35 °C). 5 min after the injection, the ear skin was jabbed once using an insulin syringe fitted with a 31G needle (Becton Dickinson), in close proximity to the macroscopically visible post-capillary venules and arterioles.
Tan Y., Li J.L., Goh C.C., Lee B.T., Kwok I.W., Ng W.J., Evrard M., Poidinger M., Tey H.L, & Ng L.G. (2018). Streamlining volumetric multi-channel image cytometry using hue-saturation-brightness-based surface creation. Communications Biology, 1, 136.
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5

Myocardial Infarction and Therapeutic Delivery

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University of Pittsburgh Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval was obtained prior to beginning all animal studies. MI and injections were performed as previously described [37 (link)]. Briefly, 6–7 week old male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River Labs, Wilmington, MA) were anesthetized with isoflurane (Butler Schein, Dublin, OH), intubated, and connected to a mechanical ventilator. The ventral side was shaved and a small incision was made through the skin. The muscle and ribs above heart were separated. The heart was exposed and MI was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery using a 6-0 polypropylene suture (Ethicon, Bridgewater, NJ). Five minutes after the induction of MI, 100 µl of saline, empty vehicle, free VEGF+PDGF (1.5 µg of each GF), or sequentially delivered VEGF+PDGF (using fibrin gel-coacervate system) solutions were injected intramyocardially at 3 equidistant points around the infarct zone using a 31 G needle (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ). For injections of fibrin gel, thrombin was added to fibrinogen solution and injected shortly before gelation. The chest was closed and the rat was allowed to recover. After 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed and hearts were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation.
Awada H.K., Johnson N.R, & Wang Y. (2015). Sequential delivery of angiogenic growth factors improves revascularization and heart function after myocardial infarction. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 207, 7-17.
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6

Cerebrospinal Fluid Extraction Protocol

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The animals were first anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital (100 mg/kg). Next, each rat was held by one investigator with the head positioned at a 90° angle. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained by direct perpendicular puncture of the cisterna magna using an insulin syringe (31-G needle, BD). Approximately 100 μL of CSF were collected to avoid blood contamination.
Yin Y., Hong J., Phạm T.L., Shin J., Gwon D.H., Kwon H.H., Shin N., Shin H.J., Lee S.Y., Lee W.H, & Kim D.W. (2019). Evans Blue Reduces Neuropathic Pain Behavior by Inhibiting Spinal ATP Release. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(18), 4443.
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7

Xenograft Tumor Formation Assay

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Cells were detached from culture flask and resuspended in 4 mg/ml Matrigel/PBS at a concentration of 2.5 × 107. Twenty microlitre of cell suspension was injected into ear intradermis of athymic nude mouse using 31 G needle (BD). The tumour size was measured every 3–4 days using caliper until it reached 0.6 mm in diameter. At the end point, mice were sacrificed, and the tumour samples were fixed with 4% PFA overnight and processed by standard methods for haematoxylin and eosin staining. Cervical lymph node was taken out and analysed for metastatic seeding.
Kato T., Jenkins R.P., Derzsi S., Tozluoglu M., Rullan A., Hooper S., Chaleil R.A., Joyce H., Fu X., Thavaraj S., Bates P.A, & Sahai E. (2023). Interplay of adherens junctions and matrix proteolysis determines the invasive pattern and growth of squamous cell carcinoma. eLife, 12, e76520.
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8

AAV-Mediated Gene Delivery in Mice

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AAV was administered to 8-week-old young adult male C57BL/6J mice anaesthetized with 2–4% isoflurane. The mice were injected intramuscularly with AAV9-CjCas9 (1 × 1011 viral genome) in physiological saline (40 μl) using an ultra-fine insulin syringe with a 31 G needle (BD). As a negative control, C57BL/6J mice were injected with physiological saline (40 μl) only.
Kim E., Koo T., Park S.W., Kim D., Kim K., Cho H.Y., Song D.W., Lee K.J., Jung M.H., Kim S., Kim J.H., Kim J.H, & Kim J.S. (2017). In vivo genome editing with a small Cas9 orthologue derived from Campylobacter jejuni. Nature Communications, 8, 14500.
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9

Tumorsphere Formation and Modulation

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In the standard culture condition, 5 × 103 cells were incubated in ultra-low attachment, 6-well plates (Corning) containing DMEM/F12, HEPES (Gibco), which included B-27 (Gibco), and 1% PS solution, without disturbing the plates for 6–11 days. For the second-round experiment, the first-round tumorspheres were trypsinized to generate single cells followed by re-suspension with a syringe with a 31-G needle (BD). For CD24 and/or CD44 neutralization, 1 μg of anti-human CD24 antibody (BioLegend, 311102) and 0.15 μg anti-human CD44 antibody (BioLegend, 338802) were added as treatment into each well. To observe the effect of the MCT1 inhibitor, 20 μM of AZD3965 was added as treatment to each cell line. Spheroids were observed microscopically, and the number and diameter of tumorspheres (per field or total) were analyzed on ImageJ.
Jang G., Oh J., Jun E., Lee J., Kwon J.Y., Kim J., Lee S.H., Kim S.C., Cho S.Y, & Lee C. (2022). Direct cell-to-cell transfer in stressed tumor microenvironment aggravates tumorigenic or metastatic potential in pancreatic cancer. NPJ Genomic Medicine, 7, 63.
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10

Orthotopic Tumor Cell Implantation

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In total, 1 × 106 KPC-1-luci-GFP cells, 5 × 105 B16F10-luci-GFP cells, 1 × 106 LLC1-luci-GFP cells, 1 × 106 MC38-luci-GFP cells, or 1 × 106 KPC-1-luci-tdT cells, 5 × 105 B16F10-luci-tdT cells, 1 × 106 LLC1-luci-tdT cells or 1 × 106 Pan02-luci-tdT cells were resuspended in 50 μl PBS. Mice were anaesthetized with isoflurane gas and sterile sharp scissors were used to cut a single incision off the abdominal skin and muscle. While holding the median side of the incision aside with forceps, including the skin and peritoneal lining, a sterile cotton swab was used to carefully pull the large and small intestines out until the portal vein is visualized. After covering the intestines with the sterile gauze soaked in sterile PBS, a 31 G needle (BD) loaded with tumour cells was inserted into the portal vein below the liver and the full volume (50 µl) was slowly injected. The needle was then removed while simultaneously placing a sterile cotton tip applicator on the vein with pressure, for 5 min, to keep the injection site intact. The internal organs were gently placed back into the abdominal cavity. The muscle layer was closed using sterile absorbable vicryl suture (J463G, Ethicon). Skin edges were closed with sterile 9 mm wound clips (Braintree Scientific). Tumour-bearing mice were analysed as follows.
Deng Z., Loyher P.L., Lazarov T., Li L., Shen Z., Bhinder B., Yang H., Zhong Y., Alberdi A., Massague J., Sun J.C., Benezra R., Glass C.K., Elemento O., Iacobuzio-Donahue C.A, & Geissmann F. (2024). The nuclear factor ID3 endows macrophages with a potent anti-tumour activity. Nature, 626(8000), 864-873.
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